Search results for "legislation"
showing 10 items of 332 documents
Spanish Employment Legislation Reforms in the Recent Crisis - Towards a New Model of the Industrial Relations System
2014
The recent crisis and its consequences have induced major changes in Spanish employment legislation which may lead into what could be recognized as a new model of the industrial relations system. Since the early 90's, and as a reaction to globalization, the need of introducing measures for promoting adaptability and flexibility have had echoes in Spanish employment legislation. However, the crisis we are experiencing nowadays is having a greater impact upon the Spanish economy, and hence on employment regulations, than any other previous crisis. The legislature's reaction in order to reverse the situation is leading to a new model of the industrial relations system, since this is happening …
Development of a Classification of Spanish Credit Institutions Based on the Concept of Stakeholder
2013
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) assumes that banks voluntarily incorporate social and environmental criteria in their economic activities and relationships with stakeholders. The reason why a credit institution decides to involve itself in social activities is a question which the literature on economics has tried to answer. We highlight the relationship created between the credit institution as a social organization and its various stakeholders, analyzing the importance assigned to each of them. Our goal is to find distinct profiles of credit institutions, depending on their degree of concern about CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). The field work was conducted by means of a surv…
The energy communities in Greece
2020
Grecia ha dado un importante impulso a la Economía Social y Solidaria a partir de 2011 con la aprobación de diversas normas que regulan este sector. Entre otras, y siguiendo de cerca los trabajos llevados a cabo por las instituciones europeas, Grecia ha regulado por vez primera en Europa, las comunidades energéticas. Estas se definen como cooperativas civiles que tienen como objeto exclusivo promover la economía social y solidaria y la innovación en el sector energético; la lucha contra la pobreza energética y la promoción de la energía sostenible, la producción, almacenamiento, autoconsumo, distribución y suministro de energía; aumentar la autosuficiencia energética y la seguridad en los m…
The board of directors and dividenc policy: the effect of gender diversity
2015
In this article, we aim to study the impact on dividends policy of gender diversity on the board of directors (hereinafter BD). We hypothesize that the proportion of women directors, the proportion of independent, institutional, and executive female directors, and the percentage of shares held by female directors on BD, have an impact on the dividends policy of Spanish companies. Our findings, analyzing the whole sample, show that the proportion of female directors and shares held by female directors are positively associated with dividend payout, while the percentage of institutional female directors has a negative impact. The percentage of independent and executive female directors has no…
Privatisation, decentralisation and production adjustment in the Russian defence industry
1998
PRIVATISATION IN THE DEFENCE INDUSTRY was until 1993 characterised by two features. Firstly, it affected a small number of organisations considered not too important within the sector. Nevertheless, one must point out that, at the end of 1992, some outstanding companies from the defence sector started to be privatised, which marked the first extension of the phenomenon to this sector of the economy. Secondly, the privatisation in this early period lacked organisation and control. Legislation was passed in 1993 with the aim of establishing some order in the privatisation process in the defence industry. From that time (until 1996) the idea was to foster a broad privatisation process with a v…
La factibilidad de los derechos sociales en Europa: debate actual y perspectivas
2021
El presente trabajo reflexiona acerca de la relación entre el análisis económico y la efectividad y justiciabilidad de los derechos sociales en Europa. En efecto, si en la era de la globalización se confiere una posición relevante al mercado cuando se redactan las normas nacionales e internacionales sobre derechos sociales (incluso en la fase inicial –previendo el impacto económico de dichas normas, la denominada “factibilidad”), el autor pone de relieve que la estructura jurídica y dogmática de tales derechos sociales es tan idónea como la de los derechos civiles a la hora de garantizar su justiciabilidad. En tal sentido, se subraya el camino hacia un estándar común europeo en materia de d…
RENT CREATION AND RENT SHARING: NEW MEASURES AND IMPACTS ON TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
2019
International audience; This analysis proposes new measures of rent creation and rent sharing and assesses their impact on productivity on cross-country-industry panel data. We find first that: (1) anticompetitive product market regulations positively affect rent creation and (2) employment protection legislation boosts hourly wages, particularly for low-skill workers. However, we find no significant impact of this employment legislation on rent sharing, as the hourly wage increases are offset by a negative impact on hours worked. Second, using regulation indicators as instruments, we find that rent creation and rent sharing both have a substantial negative impact on total factor productivi…
The effect of sex antidiscriminatory legislation on the variability of female employment in Britain
1985
This paper examines the variability of female employment in the 1970s. It is based on data from the New Earnings Survey so that the behaviour of employment in the manual–nonmanual and manufacturing–nonmanufacturing sectors can be studied separately. At an aggregate level the results are compared to those derived using data from the Department of Employment, to ensure that the results are not simply the product of possible sampling variation of the New Earnings Survey. The findings of this paper, though far from conclusive, indicate that female employment vis-a-vismale employment became more stable after 1976. There may be many reasons for the decrease in relative variability of female emplo…
DO LABOUR SOCIETIES PERFORM DIFFERENTLY TO COOPERATIVES? EVIDENCE FROM THE SPANISH BUILDING INDUSTRY
2012
: Labour Societies and Cooperatives are both Social Economy enterprises, but with noticeable differences, some of which are imposed by legislation in Spain. The aim of this paper is to study whether such differences affect their management capacity and, in particular, efficiency. In doing so, Data Envelopment Analysis techniques and the metafrontier approach proposed by O’Donnell et al. (2008) are used on a sample of Spanish Labour Societies and Cooperatives belonging to the building industry. Scores of technical efficiency and metafrontier ratios are computed at firm level and, as a novel contribution to existing literature in this field of research, at input-specific level. The main findi…
La economía social y solidaria en Grecia
2017
El 31 de octubre de 2016 el Parlamento griego aprobó la Ley 4430/2016 de Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS) con el propósito de difundir esta forma alternativa de organización de la actividad económica; apoyar y fortalecer proyectos productivos autogestionarios y de emprendimiento social colectivo, y regular las Empresas Sociales Cooperativas y las Cooperativas de Trabajadores. En este trabajo hemos analizado las principales características de la ESS griega, principalmente en relación con otros modelos europeos; y los distintos tipos de empresas que integra, subrayando las diferencias entre ellas y sus principales características frente a otras instituciones próximas como las cooperativas so…