Search results for "leukocyte"
showing 10 items of 970 documents
Murine Model of Cytomegalovirus Latency and Reactivation
2008
Efficient resolution of acute cytopathogenic cytomegalovirus infection through innate and adaptive host immune mechanisms is followed by lifelong maintenance of the viral genome in host tissues in a state of replicative latency, which is interrupted by episodes of virus reactivation for transmission. The establishment of latency is the result of aeons of co-evolution of cytomegaloviruses and their respective host species. Genetic adaptation of a particular cytomegalovirus to its specific host is reflected by private gene families not found in other members of the cytomegalovirus group, whereas basic functions of the viral replicative cycle are encoded by public gene families shared between …
Possible association of sudden infant death with partial complement C4 deficiency revealed by post-mortem DNA typing of HLA class II and III genes
1989
Based on evidence of an increased rate of respiratory infections in sudden infant death (SID) infants as well as the observation of familial occurrence, we analysed in a retrospective study class II and class II genes of the major histocompatibility complex in 40 cases of SID by Southern blot analysis of DNA obtained post mortem from tissue samples. In 24 cases, the parents were interviewed and confirmatory human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) and DNA typing was carried out. Using HLA-DR beta and -DQ beta probes, no evidence of an abnormal HLA-DR frequency distribution in SID infants was detected (P = 0.97). Using DNA probes for the tandemly arranged complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes…
The CD38-Positive and CD38-Negative Subsets of CD34(high)-Positive Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Blasts Differ Considerably in the Expression of Imm…
2008
Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is thought to arise from a rare putative ‘leukemic stem cell’ that is capable of self-renewal and formation of leukemic blasts. Serial xenotransplantation studies in immunodeficient mice have shown that this leukemia-initiating cell resides at very low numbers within CD34(high)-positive CD38-negative AML cells. Thus, immunotherapeutic approaches successfully eradicating this cell compartment should result in cure from disease. The objective of our study was to characterize the immune phenotype of the CD38-negative and CD38-positive subsets of primary CD34(high)-positive AML blasts ex vivo. We obtained therapeutic leukapheresis products from 17 AML patie…
Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis and HLA histocompatibility antigens
1994
Genetic typing of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens (HLA-A, -B and -C) was performed in 22 patients with Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) and in a control group of 339 healthy subjects in order to ascertain whether there are any genetic factors that protect against or increase the risk of developing this disease. The frequency of only one HLA-antigen was found to differ significantly in the patients with FHC as compared with the normal subjects: HLA-A2 had a negative association with FHC (9.09% in FHC versus 47.47% in the control group; p<0.01, Fisher's exact test with correction for the number of antigens studied) with an odds ratio of 0.11 (95% confidence limits 0…
Diabetes mellitus: evaluation of erythrocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte rheology
2015
Aim: To explore red blood cells (RBC) and leukocyte rheology, that may be relevant in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Methods and Results: Significant alterations have been observed in RBC behaviour using several filtration techniques, but the exploration of RBC deformability by laser diffractometry did not show any abnormality. We have also employed microrheological methods based on fluorescence spectroscopy: membrane microviscosity was evaluated in ghosts, while in intact RBC we explored the membrane polarity gradient using fluorescent fatty acids, the phospholipid and protein lateral mobility using respectively pyrene and pyrene-3-maleimide. Alterations emerged only using the l…
HLA genotype in patients with acquired haemophilia A
2010
Acquired haemophilia A (AH) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by an auto-antibody to coagulation factor VIII. It is associated with various autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, cancer or drug ingestion; however, in 50% of patients, no underlying disorder is found. In the present study, we investigated the association of HLA class I (A, B and Cw) and class II (DRB1 and DQB1) alleles with AH in a cohort of 57 patients. While no association with any class I allele was detected, a significantly higher frequency of DRB1*16 [odds ratio (OR) 10.2, 95%CI: 5.32-19.57, P < 0.0001] and DQB1*0502 (OR 2.2, 95%CI: 1.12-4.54, P < 0.05) was observed. In contrast, the frequency of DRB1*15 and DQB1*0602 alleles …
Graft-Versus-Host Disease or Infection: Rapid Detection of HLA Mismatch-Reactive T Cells Ex Vivo Can Facilitate Diagnosis and Guide Therapy after All…
2007
Abstract Diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is mainly based on clinical features and on tissue biopsies. However, clinicians and pathologists are well aware of cases, in which GVHD cannot be distinguished from infections arising from severe immunodeficiency after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT). This may pose a deep therapeutic dilemma of whether to modify immunosuppressive treatment or to use donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for promoting anti-microbial immunity. We observed a 68-year-old patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who developed acute GVHD grade II of skin and gut at d+16 after T-cell depleted reduced-intensity SCT (Fig. 1). GVHD was confirmed by histology a…
Impact of DLI after In Vivo T-Cell-Depletion: Prophylactic CD8 Depleted or Preemptive CD3pos DLI?
2016
Abstract Introduction: The combination of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) with in vivo T-cell depletion by alemtuzumab prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has demonstrated efficient engraftment and reduced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, this regimen is associated with slow lymphocyte recovery leading to a delayed anti-infectious and anti-malignant immunity. DLI can be used to improve immune reconstitution. Here we investigate on the impact of different DLI: prophylactic CD8-depleted DLI vs preemptive non-depleted DLI. Methods: 256 patients with different hematologic malignancies were planned for treatment with DLI after allogeneic HSCT following reduced …
Peptides from NM23B - A Transcription Factor with NDP Kinase Activity - Are Expressed on the Surface of Leukemic Cells and Are Recognized by T-Lympho…
2005
Abstract Objective: During the last years a growing number of MHC-restricted antigens were recognized using autologous or HLA-matched cytotoxic T-cell lines (TCL). Molecules were isolated by HPLC or identified using cDNA expression cloning from normal or malignant target cells and found to derive from normal proteins or from mutated tumor-specific proteins. The majority of the tumor-specific peptides were derived from melanoma cells. The aim of this project was to search for immunogenic peptides on leukemia cells with the help of TCLs obtained from a stem cell donor against chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) recipient cells and to identify the immunogenic peptides by cDNA expression clonin…
Cetuximab +/- chemotherapy enhances dendritic cell-mediated phagocytosis of colon cancer cells and ignites a highly efficient colon cancer antigen-sp…
2012
Cetuximab is a human/mouse chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to epidermal growth factor receptor, approved for colorectal carcinoma treatment in combination with chemotherapy. The immune-mediated effects elicited by its human fraction of crystallization moiety might critically contribute to the overall anti-tumor effectiveness of the antibody. We therefore investigated cetuximab ability to promote colon cancer cell opsonization and phagocytosis by human dendritic cells (DCs) that are subsequently engaged in antigen-cross presentation to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) precursors. Human colon cancer cell lines were evaluated for susceptibility to DC-mediated phagocytosis before and after …