Search results for "liberalization"
showing 10 items of 55 documents
International trade and internal geography revisited
2003
Trade liberalization and trade policy obviously affect the internal distribution of economic activities within a liberalizing country. We show that the impact of decreasing international trade costs on the regional distributionof economic activities crucially depends on the value of transport costs internalto the country. Trade liberalization in developing countries with poor internal infrastructures and small volumes of interregional trade is likely to increase regional disparities, while developed countries with good internalinfrastructures and large volumes of interregional trade are likely to experienceredispersion. We argue that the way transport and trade costs are modeledmight have a…
LA PROFESSIONE DI AGENTE SPORTIVO NELL’ORDINAMENTO ITALIANO A CONFRONTO CON LA NORMATIVA FEDERALE E IL DIRITTO ANTITRUST
2018
This article concerns the profession of Sports Agent, introduced in the Italian legal system by the recent Law of Stability 2018 (L. 27th december 2017, no. 205, art. 1, par. 373), which has established the “National Register of Sports Agents” under the supervision of CONI. The legislator has therefore newly regulated a profession, until now regulated only within the sports system, providing for it specific requirements and limits to its exercise related to passing an exam and registration in the above mentioned register. This regulation induces a critical analysis with regard, on one hand, to its incidence in the sports legal system and, generally, to the relations between the latter and t…
Not excluding nuclear power: the dynamics and stability of nuclear power policy arrangements in Finland
2011
In this article, we aim at using the policy arrangement approach to explain the renewal of nuclear power policy in Finland from 1986 to 2010. From the point of view of national nuclear power decision making, we distinguish three different policy arrangement periods: (1) rejection (1986–1993), (2) revival (1994–2002) and (3) renewal (2003–2010). Within each period, the four dimensions which are, such as policy coalitions, ‘rules of the game’, policy discourses and resources are analysed. The three periods indicate that policy development has not been unilinear. In the rejection period, the ‘shock event’ of Chernobyl mixed up the policy arrangement. For example, the supporting coalition was t…
The Great Financial Crisis in Finland and Sweden: The Dynamics of Boom, Bust and Recovery 1985–2000
2009
This paper explores the anatomy of the boom, deep depression and recovery in the Finnish and Swedish economies in the period 1985-2000. These fifteen years are divided into three phases: (1) financial liberalization and the boom and the overheating of 1985-90, (2) the outbreak and spread of the crisis to all sectors of the economy in 1990-92, and (3) the recovery 1993-2000. Each period is analyzed separately.
Trade and Interlegality
2019
The idea that the WTO legal system and its institutional bodies (especially the judicial branch) have developed a single-sided ides of what is good and would attempt to impose a deep-rooted liberalization agenda on the rest of world is hardly corroborated by an empirical analysis. Quite the contrary, recourse to a series of legal techniques has made it possible to leave open a space for reciprocal understanding and debate with other circuits of legality.
Scope of Negative Integration: A Comparative Analysis of Post, Public Transport and Port Services
2014
There is extensive literature that explains how liberalization policy deepens and widens. In the literature of European integration such reform is commonly considered to be the result of a bias towards liberalization in the treaties, thereby giving the European Commission and the European Court of Justice wide-ranging leverage to enforce such reform. However, such approaches have been criticized for being de-politicized – for failing to understand the conflicts inherent in controversial policies. It is therefore of interest to explore the scope conditions of this constitutional bias assumption in areas where liberalization policy is disputed. This article analyzes the EU decision-making pro…
Theorizing religion and media in contemporary societies: An account of religious ‘publicization’
2011
This article argues that a combination of the rapid development and dissemination of media technologies, the liberalization of national media economies and the growth of transnational media spheres is transforming the relationship between religion, popular culture and politics in contemporary societies in ways not adequately accounted for in existing sociological theories of religion (secularization, neo-secularization and rational choice) and still largely neglected in sociological theories of media and culture. In particular, it points to a series of media enabled social processes (de-differentiation, diasporic intensification and re-enchantment) which mirror and counter processes identif…
Efficient Diversification of International Investments: The Spanish Point of View
1999
The search for the best investments in a return-risk framework has led the investors to the portfolio diversification. The domestic markets liberalisation and a increasingly financial market integration, have made the investors to exceed the national barriers in order to get the international diversification of their portfolios.
The Reality of African Trade Integration—Challenges of Implementation
2021
In the course of their evolution on the stylized path of economic integration, African RECs face a number of implementation challenges, beginning with a range of typical domestication issues for trade agreements. A fundamental problem is that African regional trade arrangements (RTA) are all based on two GATT/WHO clauses which do not require full internal liberalization. The chapter analyses how RTA implementation on this basis has led to a general logic of exclusions and exemptions in Africa’s trade relations and traces how entrenched empirical practice meant to serve developmental purposes—protection of the weakest economic actors—often caters to vested interests. Inconsistency is aggrava…
Trade, innovation and interdependence : a spatial econometric approach
2015
This thesis studies the consequences for innovation of international trade allowing for spatial interdependence. Indeed, the mechanisms through which international trade affects innovation are based on highlighting factors that, because they are the source of increasing returns, represent real engines of the growth. Yet, the accumulation process of these factors depends on effects which are constraints in space .First, trade flows by which technology is supposed to transmit between countries are interdependent. Second, the results highlighted in existing literature capture only the direct effect of trade on innovation. However, it is possible that a country benefits technology from an anoth…