Search results for "life science"

I Cannot Read Your Eye Expression: Suicide Attempters Have Difficulties in Interpreting Complex Social Emotions

2020

International audience; Background: The ability to differentiate emotions in social contexts is important for dealing with challenging social situations. Suicide attempters show some difficulties in emotion recognition that may result in hypersensitivity to social stress. However, other studies on the recognition of social complex emotions found that suicide attempters have similar performances as depressed non-attempters. Objectives: To investigate differences in social emotion recognition in patients with current Major Depressive Episode (MDE) with and without history of suicide attempt. Methods: Two hundred and ten patients with MDE were recruited among whom 115 had lifetime history of s…

La nuisibilité directe des adventices en grandes cultures : quelles réponses nous apportent les essais désherbages ?

2016

The direct harmful effect of weeds in field crops : what do herbicide trials tell us ? Weeds are plants whose undesirable qualities (“harmfulness") outweigh their desirable qualities (trophic resources). Few studies conclude that weeds do not affect crop yield. However, it is difficult to generalize since weeds compete with crops for resources and these resources are spatially and temporally variable. This study analyzed 110 herbicide trials (untreated vs. treated plots) performed in France from 1993 to 2015 on three major grain crops: winter wheat, winter oilseed rape and sunflower. Significant yield losses were found in 92% of wheat trials (average over all trials: -2.6 t/ha), 51% of wint…

Improving food offer in order to prevent and tackle undernutrition

2021

When a person shows a decline in appetite or loses weight, is essential to adapt his/her diet in order to fulfil the nutritionc needs and prevent undernutrition. Three axes must but considered and combined: enriching diet (increasing the content of essential nutrients in a meal without increasing! the volume to be ingested); adapting food texture to orc capacities (chewing, salivation, swallowing); optimizing food sensory characteristics by taking into account food habit and food preferences.

Proximal versus distal contextual factors: which impact on meal pleasure and food intake in the elderly living in a nursing home?

2014

Poster présenté lors de la conférence; Introduction: Several authors pointed out the importance of meal context on food intake in nursing home. Some authors assessed the impact of context improvement on food intake in nursing home, but they assessed ‘holistic’ strategies by improving physical environment, increasing choice level, changing staff organization… (Abbott et al. 2013). Despite some of these interventions were effective, these strategies are costly and thus difficult to be implemented in nursing home. The aim of the present experiment was to assess the impact of single contextual factors, three proximal factors (food contextual factors) and three distal factors (non-food contextua…

Collectes des données de pratiques agricoles des sites du Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols

2022

The INRAE InfoSol unit, mandated by the Gis Sol, coordinates the French Soil Monitoring Network (RMQS) set up to assess the quality and evolution of soils in France. A local trained team collects management data through a survey with farmers or operators for each site and campaign. The initial objective of collecting all soil-related management data, answering multidisciplinary uses, has faced collection difficulties and lengthy interviews. Hence, survey forms were revised before the second campaign, started in 2016. The new forms were tested and improved for two years, and the data collection strategy was tuned. In order to analyze the first responses and to suggest improvements, the study…

Mycorrhizae in crop production

2007

International audience; It has been a revelation that, strictly speaking, most plants do not have roots but rather mycorrhizae, a fact that has had tremendous consequences on the life of plants and the evolution of soil-plant systems. The research on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses has been intensive over the past forty years and we have learned a lot on the physiology, biology, ecology, and genetics of the symbiosis and the fungi involved in it. Most important, it appeared that cropping systems could be more sustainable with the management of AM fungi and reduced reliance on agrochemicals. The extraradical mycelia of AM fungi are an essential link between the plants, which are the co…

Breeding annual legumes for sustainable agricultures must target for new and more complex variety ideotypes

2013

International audience; Although yield and total biomass produced by annual legumes remain major objectives for breeders, environment-friendly, resource use efficient including symbiotic performance, resilient production in the context of climate change, adaptation to sustainable cropping systems (reducing leaching and glasshouse gas emissions), adaptation to diverse uses (seeds for feeds foods, non-food, forage or green manures), and finally new ecological services such as pollinator protection, imply the development of innovative genotypes, definition of new ideotypes and acceptance of their commercialisation. Taken as a whole, this means more complex and integrated objectives for breeder…

Editeur. Special Issue Strategies for Nitrous Oxide Emission Mitigation in Agrosystems". Agriculture-Basel

2022

From’Innov: a new technology to obtain aroma in solubilized soft-cheese

2023

The dairy platform of the STLO, Rennes, developed an innovative technology and more sustainable cheese making process (INRAE patent, From’Innov, WO2016108024). This technology consists of mixing a texture matrix obtained by ultrafiltration with one or more aromatic matrix. The latter is innovative: it allows obtaining a maximum of aroma in a short time, less than a few days. The principle is to grow each of microorganisms in an optimized middle with essential nutrients, optimal pH and temperature, and O2 if necessary. After adjusting the pH and temperature of the mix, we proceed with the coagulation then the molding, and the next day the demolding. The cheese is ready and contains the expec…

Crescere/Svilupparsi. Teorie e rappresentazioni fra mondo antico e scienze della vita contemporanee

2020

Il volume raccoglie i contributi scientifici di diversi autori, la maggior parte dei quali avevano presentato le loro relazioni già nell'ambito del Convegno di studi intitolato "Memoria scientiae 2019. Crescere/Svilupparsi" (Palermo, 21-23 febbraio 2019) sulle teorie e rappresentazioni della crescita umana e degli altri organismi viventi nel mondo antico (in particolare greco e romano) e nelle moderne scienze della vita. The volume collects the scientific contributions of various authors, most of whom had presented their reports already in the context of the study conference entitled "Memoria scientiae 2019. Grow / Develop" (Palermo, February 21-23, 2019) on theories and representations of …