Search results for "likelihood"
showing 10 items of 264 documents
The accuracy of flexible spectral imaging colour enhancement for the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia
2014
Background Targeting biopsies on the basis of visual recognition of mucosal changes in the stomach instead of the currently accepted random biopsy sampling may be attractive. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic findings using flexible spectral imaging colour enhancement (FICE) for intestinal metaplasia (IM) in the gastric mucosa. Methods A consecutive cohort of 126 individuals aged over 50 years (27% men) was subjected to upper endoscopy using FICE. Histological assessment (per patient and per biopsy) was considered the gold standard to accuracy estimates. Results Histological assessment revealed IM in 50% of the individuals [OLGIM (operative link on gastric…
Influence of non-clinical factors on restorative rectal cancer surgery: An analysis of four specialized population-based digestive cancer registries …
2022
Abstract Background This study aims to measure the association between deprivation, health care accessibility and health care system with the likelihood of receiving non-restorative rectal cancer surgery (NRRCS). Methods All adult patients who had rectal resection for invasive adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 in four French specialised cancer registries were included. A multilevel logistic regression with random effect was used to assess the link between patient and health care structure characteristics on the probability of NRRCS. Results 2997 patients underwent rectal cancer resection in 68 health care structures: 708 (23.63%) had NRRCS. The likelihood of receiving NRCCS was…
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF LUNG ULTRASOUND IN OLDER NURSING HOME RESIDENTS AFFECTED BY COVID-19
2020
Objectives: Lung ultrasonographic (LUS) imaging may play an important role in the management of patients with COVID-19–associated lung injury, particularly in some special populations. However, data regarding the prognostic role of the LUS in nursing home residents, one of the populations most affected by COVID-19, are not still available. Design: Retrospective. Settings and Participants: Nursing home residents affected by COVID-19 were followed up with an LUS from April 8 to May 14, 2020, in Chioggia, Venice. Methods: COVID-19 was diagnosed through a nasopharyngeal swab. LUS results were scored using a 12-zone method. For each of the 12 zones (2 posterior, 2 anterior, 2 lateral, for both l…
The heritability of depressive symptoms: multiple informants and multiple measures
2002
Background: Earlier research suggests large rater differences in heritability estimates of children's depressive symptoms in the context of significant age and sex-limitation effects. Methods: With data from an ongoing, population-based twin-family study, we estimated genetic and environmental influences on children's depression with models allowing for sex-specific effects. Our assessments of twins included self-reports and ratings made by their classmate peers, their parents and their teachers, allowing estimates of genetic and environmental effects with data from different informants. Model-fitting used maximum likelihood estimation of log-transformed data from a sample of 1,366 11- and …
Weighted Least-Squares Likelihood Ratio Test for Branch Testing in Phylogenies Reconstructed from Distance Measures
2005
A variety of analytical methods is available for branch testing in distance-based phylogenies. However, these methods are rarely used, possibly because the estimation of some of their statistics, especially the covariances, is not always feasible. We show that these difficulties can be overcome if some simplifying assumptions are made, namely distance independence. The weighted least-squares likelihood ratio test (WLS-LRT) we propose is easy to perform, using only the distances and some of their associated variances. If no variances are known, the use of the Felsenstein F-test, also based on weighted least squares, is discussed. Using simulated data and a data set of 43 mammalian mitochondr…
Cherish your loved ones – the role of the feeling of care and security in advertising
2014
Advertising practice makes use of emotional cues and addresses consumers' rising desire for social connection. Research has investigated emotions within advertising, but mainly focused on negative or positive emotions. Traditional academic approaches to the analysis of persuasion according to the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) tend to emphasize central processing and thus rational advertising cues. Moreover, the role of motivation within the ELM is underspecified. We introduce the Zurich Model of Social Motivation to the regulation of social distance and investigate the specific feeling of care and security. This feeling may serve as motivational component and emerge as persuasion instr…
The role of social trust in reward crowdfunding campaigns’ design and success
2021
AbstractTrust is critical for successful participation in online marketplaces. In crowdfunding, fundraisers seek to win the trust of potential supporters towards contributing to their projects despite risks of non-delivery or deviations from campaign promises. This study explores how cultural differences in social trust proclivities influence reward crowdfunding campaign design and success. Specifically, we analyze data about 700 campaigns from a relatively high social trust society (HTS) – Finland, and 700 campaigns from a relatively low social trust society (LTS) – Poland. We find that sharing campaign information via social media is positively associated with campaign success in both con…
Negative eWOM and perceived credibility : a potent mix in consumer relationships
2022
PurposeBased on the foundations of the schema theory, the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and customer experience literature, this research examines how the interplay between a consumer's previous shopping experience(s) and perceived credibility of negative online word-of-mouth (PCNWOM) leads to improved consumer–firm relationship quality (RQ).Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilised series of scenario-based experiments (N = 918) to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe authors show that a focal customer's previous shopping experiences attenuate the perceived credibility of negative word-of-mouth on social media by other customers, which in turn weakens consumer–firm RQ. The au…
A Quasi-likelihood Markov model for the hardenability of steel
1992
To evaluate the hardenability of steel the Jominy test can be used. A steel bar of fixed dimensions is heated up to about 850 °C and then quenched from one end by water spray. Its hardness y is then measured at increasing distances d from this quenched end giving observations (d, y(d)), which form the Jominy curve. For each Jominy curve these observations can be fitted by descending curve μ = μ(d; η) with shape parameters η = (η 1,..., η p ) T which are assumed to vary along the alloying elements (C, Mn, Cr etc.).
Electrical measurements in µ-EDM
2008
The phenomena occurring between the electrodes in electric discharge machining when manufacturing features on the micro-metre scale (µ-EDM) is not fully understood. Poor quantitative knowledge of the sources of variability affecting this process hinders the identification of its natural tolerance limits. Moreover, improvements in measuring systems contribute to the acquisition of new information that often conflicts with existent theoretical models of this process. The prime objective of this paper is to advance the experimental knowledge of µ-EDM by providing a measurement framework for the electrical discharges. The effects of the electrodes metallic materials (Ag, Ni, Ti, W) on the elect…