Search results for "liquid"

showing 10 items of 4351 documents

Specialty and advanced polymers by carbocationic macromolecular engineering

1993

This study briefly surveys a variety of new advanced polymeric materials and controlled synthetic processes available by carbocationic macromolecular engineering techniques and having potential commercial interest. These recent developments, mainly by living carbocationic polymerization, have led to new opportunities in polymerization process control, and in designing microstructure, functionality, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution (MWD) and thus properties of a wide variety of unique polymer systems. The fundamentals of these new emerging technologies and the novel materials offered by them, such as macromonomers, telechelics, polymers with pendant functional groups (liqui…

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsLiquid crystallineOrganic ChemistryNanotechnologyPolymerCondensed Matter PhysicschemistryPolymerizationOptical materialsAmphiphileMaterials ChemistryCopolymerOrganic chemistryMolar mass distributionMacromoleculeMakromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia
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Macro-oriented network of liquid-crystalline polyesters: crosslinking induced by g-irradiation and thermally activated reaction.

2000

Abstract The synthesis of a macro-oriented network from liquid-crystalline polymers, bearing pendant groups with unsaturations, is reported. Virgin polymers are processable to obtain oriented samples, e.g. fibres, which may be crosslinked through thermal activation and/or exposure to γ-radiation. The liquid-crystalline state is “frozen” and the macroscopic anisotropy is preserved even at high temperatures. Compared to virgin fibres, irradiated samples show an enhancement of tensile performances, thus indicating that the main effect of irradiation is crosslinking without significant degradation phenomena.

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsLiquid crystallineOrganic ChemistryPolymerγ irradiationPolyesterChemical engineeringchemistryUltimate tensile strengthMaterials ChemistryDegradation (geology)IrradiationComposite materialAnisotropy
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Melt spinning and mechanical properties of semirigid liquid-crystal copolyesters

1993

Melt-spinning and mechanical properties of fibers of a new class of semirigid thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers are presented. These copolyesters are synthesized from 4-4′-dihydroxybiphenyl (B), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (H), and flexible units provided by aliphatic diacids. The flexible units depress the melting temperature without strongly depressing the mechanical properties. These liquid-crystal polymers can be easily spun at high draw ratios. Indeed, unlike rigid liquid-crystal polymers, relatively high draw ratios are needed to attain high mechanical strength. Tensile moduli of about 28 GPa and tensile strengths of about 350 MPa are obtained. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsMelting temperaturePolymerCondensed Matter PhysicsThermotropic crystalchemistryLiquid crystalUltimate tensile strengthMechanical strengthMaterials ChemistryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryComposite materialMelt spinningJournal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics
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Phase identification of triphenylene-based discotic monomer and its main chain polymers

1998

Abstract A monomer, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakispentyloxy triphenylene (HPT) possesses a triphenylene core as a discotic mesogen. Polymers containing this discotic mesogen have been studied using wide-angle X-ray and electron diffraction. HPT is known to show a discotic liquid crystal phase, noted as Dho (h for hexagonal bidimensional lattice, o for ordered molecular spacing in each column). In this paper, however, HPT liquid crystalline phases, heated up from the crystalline state and cooled down from the isotropic state, were characterized in the diameter dimensions. In addition. the diameters of the columns are close to a parameter of two separate crystals. A core orientation was, therefore, pr…

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsMesogenDiscotic liquid crystalOrganic ChemistryMesophaseTriphenyleneCrystal structurePolymerchemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographyMonomerchemistryElectron diffractionMaterials ChemistryOrganic chemistryPolymer
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Ferroelectric block copolymers

1997

A block copolymer consisting of polystyrene and a side chain ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymer was synthesized using polymer analogous chemistry on a monodisperse poly(styrene-b-isoprene). Composition was adjusted to give lamellar microstructure after addition of the mesogenic side groups. If placed in an LC cell without orientation of domains, no ferroelectric response was observed. After shearing the thin film, presumably due to alignment of lamellae, a bistable ferroelectric switching could be detected.

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsMesogenOrganic ChemistryPolymerCondensed Matter PhysicsFerroelectricitychemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryChemical engineeringLiquid crystalPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistrySide chainCopolymerLamellar structurePolystyreneMacromolecular Symposia
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Molecular Mobility in Oriented and Unoriented Membranes Based on Poly[2-(Aziridin-1-yl)ethanol]

2021

Unoriented and oriented membranes based on dendronized polymers and copolymers obtained by chemical modification of poly[2-(aziridin-1-yl) ethanol] (PAZE) with the dendron 3,4,5-tris[4-(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzyloxy]benzoate were considered. DSC, XRD, CP-MAS NMR and DETA, contribute to characterize the tendency to crystallize, the molecular mobility of the benzyloxy substituent, the dendritic liquid crystalline group and the clearing transition. The orientation of the mesogenic chain somewhat hindered this molecular motion, especially in the full substituted PAZE. The fragility, free volume and thermal expansion coefficients of these membranes near the glass transition are related to the orie…

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsMesogenSupramolecular chemistrySubstituentIonic bondingGeneral ChemistryPolymerQuímicaArticledielectric relaxation spectralcsh:QD241-441chemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographyMembranepoly[2-(aziridin-1-yl)ethanol] (PAZE)chemistrylcsh:Organic chemistryDendrimerdendronic liquid crystal membranessegmental dynamicsmacromolecular cooperativityGlass transitionMaterialsPolymers
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Entropic Unmixing in Nematic Blends of Semiflexible Polymers.

2020

Binary mixtures of semiflexible polymers with the same chain length, but different persistence lengths, separate into two coexisting different nematic phases when the osmotic pressure of the lyotropic solution is varied. Molecular Dynamics simulations and Density Functional Theory predict phase diagrams either with a triple point, where the isotropic phase coexists with two nematic phases or a critical point of unmixing within the nematic mixture. The difference in locally preferred bond angles between the constituents drives this unmixing without any attractive interactions between monomers.

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsOrganic Chemistry02 engineering and technologyPolymer010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesInorganic ChemistryChain lengthchemistryChemical physicsLiquid crystalMaterials ChemistryOsmotic pressure0210 nano-technologyPersistence (discontinuity)ACS macro letters
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Ferroelectric LC-elastomers

1997

Ferroelectric liquid crystalline elastomers combine the rubber elasticity of polymer networks with liquid crystalline phases and ferroelectric ordering. Ferroelectric switching leads therefore to a deformation of the polymer network and an elastic stress. The coupling between both effccts can be varied by changing the topology of the netpoints.

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsOrganic ChemistryPolymerCondensed Matter PhysicsElastomerFerroelectricityCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed MatterStress (mechanics)Condensed Matter::Materials SciencechemistryRubber elasticityLiquid crystalPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryCoupling (piping)Composite materialDeformation (engineering)Macromolecular Symposia
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Liquid Crystals from Polymer-Functionalized TiO2 Nanorod Mesogens

2008

In this work, we functionalized TiO2 nanorods with dopamine-functionalized diblock copolymers. After functionalization, they are well dispersible in organic solvents. Light scattering proves that t...

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsOrganic ChemistryRadical polymerizationChain transferPolymerLight scatteringInorganic ChemistrychemistryLiquid crystalPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryCopolymerSurface modificationNanorodMacromolecules
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Transmission of mechanical energy through polymeric liquid crystals and their blends

1988

Molecular composites, also called polymeric liquid crystals (PLC), are contrasted with the traditional composites; the name heterogeneous composites is proposed for the latter. Advantages of blending PLCs with ordinary engineering polymers are discussed. Results reported for blends of poly(ethylene terepthalate) (PET) with a PLC containing sequences of PET and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) include thermophysical properties, melt rheology, mechanical properties of solid blends, and scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces. A model called the island model was developed to explain the results: One assumes that the lines of force as well as propagating cracks tend to concentrate in the p…

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsScanning electron microscopeGeneral ChemistryPolymerDifferential scanning calorimetrychemistryRheologyLiquid crystalPhase (matter)Polymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryComposite materialMechanical energyPhase inversionPolymer Engineering and Science
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