Search results for "load"
showing 10 items of 1967 documents
Unidirectional probabilistic direct control for deferrable loads
2014
International audience; The idea of harnessing the inherent flexibility in demand of many types of electric loads has been largely discussed in the last years for coping with the need to maintain the energy demand-supply balance. In particular, the fine tuning of the operation conditions of different thermostatic loads (such as air-conditioning, refrigerators, etc.) has appeared as the most natural solution for load control with minimal user discomfort. In this paper we focus on an alternative approach: deploying simple open-loop control strategies for deferrable loads with minimal communication overhead. The idea is to send a multicast control message to a group of users, on the basis of t…
Real-Time Routing Selection in Flexible Manufacturing Systems
1993
Routing flexibility is one of the main peculiarities of Flexible Manufacturing Systems. This paper proposes three methods for real-time routing selection. The first one makes decisions comparing the current workload of machines in each alternative path. The second method considers the current workloads at the bottleneck machines in each allowed route. The third approach makes real-time decisions minimizing a merit index that represents a measure of the still required resource amount. The index is computed by short discrete-event simulation runs. Some case studies evaluate and compare the proposed approaches.
Lightweight Privacy-aware yet Accountable Secure Scheme for SM-SGCC communications in smart grid
2011
Abstract Smart grid is envisioned as a critical application of cyber-physical systems and of the internet of things. In the smart grid, smart meters equipped with wireless sensors can upload meter readings (data) to smart grid control and schedule centers via the advanced metering infrastructure to improve power delivery efficiency. However, data gathered in short intervals, such as 15 minutes, will expose customers' detailed daily activities (for example, when they get up and when they use oven) using nonintrusive appliance load monitoring. Thus, data must be hidden to protect customers' privacy. However, data accountability is still required for emergency responses or to trace back suspec…
A Review of Key Performance Indicators for Building Flexibility Quantification to Support the Clean Energy Transition
2021
The transition to a sustainable society and a carbon-neutral economy by 2050 requires extensive deployment of renewable energy sources that, due to the aleatority and non-programmability of most of them, may seriously affect the stability of existing power grids. In this context, buildings are increasingly being seen as a potential source of energy flexibility for the power grid. In literature, key performance indicators, allowing different aspects of the load management, are used to investigate buildings’ energy flexibility. The paper reviews existing indicators developed in the context of theoretical, experimental and numerical studies on flexible buildings, outlining the current status a…
Rill flow resistance law under equilibrium bed‐load transport conditions
2019
In this paper, a recently deduced flow resistance equation for open channel flow was tested under equilibrium bed-load transport conditions in a rill. First, the flow resistance equation was deduced applying dimensional analysis and the incomplete self-similarity condition for the flow velocity distribution. Then, the following steps were carried out for developing the analysis: (a) a relationship (Equation) between the Γ function of the velocity profile, the rill slope, and the Froude number was calibrated by the available measurements by Jiang et al.; (b) a relationship (Equation) between the Γ function, the rill slope, the Shields number, and the Froude number was calibrated by the same …
Enhanced [4+2] cycloadditions by solvophobic effects and gravity-induced mixing in core-shell droplets
2017
A new way to perform reactions in core—shell double emulsions is reported herein. The phase boundaries of the threephase droplet flow were used to pressurize the reactants in the shell liquid, enhancing the reaction rate of a cycloaddition greatly in comparison to known methods. As key parameters, solvophobic effects and precise control over the droplet sizes were used to exploit a reaction with a negative volume of activation. The internal pressure of the reaction solution was regulated purely by the thickness of the shell liquid without adding additional reagents. Additionally, the reaction performed better when the core droplet was used to stir the shell droplet, considerably improving t…
Automatic EKF tuning for UAS path following in turbulent air
2018
By using two simultaneously working Extended Kalman Filters, a procedure is implemented in order to perform in a fully autonomous way the path following in turbulent air. To guarantee the robustness of the proposed algorithm, an automatic tuning procedure is proposed to determine optimal values of Process and Measurement Noise statistics. Such a procedure is based on both the characteristics of the disturbances and the desired flight path; in particular, a specific performance index is applied to tune filters. In this way control laws are adapted to the flight condition and these lead to an optimal path-following. This research represents an upload of previous papers. It allows eliminating …
O2 Loaded Germanosilicate Optical Fibers: Experimental In Situ Investigation and Ab Initio Simulation Study of GLPC Evolution under Irradiation
2022
International audience; In this work we present a combined experimental and ab initio simulation investigation concerning the Germanium Lone Pair Center (GLPC), its interaction with molecular oxygen (O2), and evolution under irradiation. First, O2 loading has been applied here to Ge-doped optical fibers to reduce the concentration of GLPC point defects. Next, by means of cathodoluminescence in situ experiments, we found evidence that the 10 keV electron irradiation of the treated optical fibers induces the generation of GLPC centers, while in nonloaded optical fibers, the irradiation causes the bleaching of the pre-existing GLPC. Ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the reac…
Modeling Bedload Transport Trajectories along a Sine-generated Channel
2019
This study explores the influences of flow discharge and particle size on bedload transport trajectory by applying a depth-averaged two-dimensional model to a 110° sine-generated laboratory flume with wide-and-shallow sections. Calculated results exhibit two erosion regions in a bend: Zone-1 ‒ foreside of the point bar near the convex bank and Zone-2 ‒ near the apex of the concave bank. Sediments eroded from Zone-1 are mainly transported along the same-side convex bank rather than crossing the channel centerline, indicating the crucial role of longitudinal flow in shaping point bars. Most particles from Zone-2, however, behave more complicated by changing their trajectories with the develop…
Dual Enzyme-Responsive Capsules of Hyaluronic Acid-block-Poly(Lactic Acid) for Sensing Bacterial Enzymes.
2015
The synthesis of novel amphiphilic hyaluronic acid (HYA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) block copolymers is reported as the key element of a strategy to detect the presence of pathogenic bacterial enzymes. In addition to the formation of defined HYA-block-PLA assemblies, the encapsulation of fluorescent reporter dyes and the selective enzymatic degradation of the capsules by hyaluronidase and proteinase K are studied. The synthesis of the dual enzyme-responsive HYA-b-PLA is carried out by copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The resulting copolymers are assembled in water to form vesicular structures, which are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron…