Search results for "localization"

showing 10 items of 443 documents

Children show hemispheric differences in the basic auditory response properties

2019

Auditory cortex in each hemisphere shows preference to sounds from the opposite hemifield in the auditory space. Besides this contralateral dominance, the auditory cortex shows functional and structural lateralization, presumably influencing the features of subsequent auditory processing. Children have been shown to differ from adults in the hemispheric balance of activation in higher-order auditory based tasks. We studied, first, whether the contralateral dominance can be detected in 7- to 8-year-old children and, second, whether the response properties of auditory cortex in children differ between hemispheres. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) responses to simple tones revealed adult-like cont…

Malecortical maturationMIDDLE-LATENCYAuditory responseLanguage functionLANGUAGEINFANTSAudiology3124 Neurology and psychiatryFunctional LateralityN100m0302 clinical medicineChild DevelopmentEVOKED-POTENTIALS10. No inequalityChildta515Research Articleselectromagnetic brain imagingMEGRadiological and Ultrasound Technologymedicine.diagnostic_test05 social sciencesAge FactorsMagnetoencephalographySPEECHkuuloNeurologyAuditory PerceptionEvoked Potentials AuditoryFemaleAnatomyPsychologyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyEVENT-RELATED POTENTIALSlapset (ikäryhmät)Auditory cortexta3112MATURATION050105 experimental psychologyLateralization of brain function03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultEvent-related potentialmedicineHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingSOURCE LOCALIZATIONdevelopmentAuditory Cortex3112 NeurosciencesMagnetoencephalographyNeurophysiology3126 Surgery anesthesiology intensive care radiologyaivokuoriN250mChild populationDEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGESNeurology (clinical)030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Nitric oxide synthase in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of rat: evidence from histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and Western blot; and co…

1995

Nitric oxide (NO) is a neuroactive substance of high potency. Physiological results revealed the involvement of NO in circadian regulation of rats. Since neuronal structures containing NO-synthase (NOS) were previously not found in the circadian oscillator, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in this species but are present in the hamster, we investigated the distribution of NO-producing structures in the rat SCN by Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry of NOS, and by histochemistry (NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity of NOS). Western blot analysis of SCN homogenates from rat (and, for comparison, hamster) showed a NOS-like immunoreactive (-LI) protein band of apparent mo…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyPhodopusBlotting WesternVasoactive intestinal peptidePopulationHamsterNitric OxideNitric oxideRats Sprague-Dawleychemistry.chemical_compoundWestern blotCricetinaeInternal medicinemedicineAnimalseducationMolecular BiologyNeuronseducation.field_of_studybiologymedicine.diagnostic_testSuprachiasmatic nucleusGeneral NeuroscienceNADPH DehydrogenaseColocalizationImmunohistochemistryMolecular biologyRatsNitric oxide synthaseEndocrinologynervous systemchemistryFluorescent Antibody Technique Directbiology.proteinFemaleSuprachiasmatic Nucleussense organsNeurology (clinical)Nitric Oxide SynthaseVasoactive Intestinal PeptideDevelopmental BiologyBrain Research
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Identification of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) mRNA-expressing cells in normal and injured rat brain

2009

Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), isolated for the first time from bovine and human parathyroid, is a G-protein-coupled receptors that has been involved in diverse physiological functions. At present a complete in vivo work on the identification of CaSR mRNA-expressing cells in the adult brain lacks and this investigation was undertaken in order to acquire more information on cell type expressing CaSR mRNA in the rat brain and to analyse for the first time its expression in different experimental models of brain injury. The expression of CaSR mRNAs was found mainly in scattered cells throughout almost all the brain regions. A double labeling analysis showed a colocalization of CaSR mRNA expr…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyTime FactorsCentral nervous systemHippocampusCell CountSettore BIO/11 - Biologia MolecolareBiologySettore BIO/09 - Fisiologiachemistry.chemical_compoundSeizuresInternal medicineSettore BIO/10 - BiochimicaCaSRmedicineAnimalsRNA MessengerRats WistarIbotenic AcidMolecular BiologyIn Situ HybridizationNeuronsKainic AcidGeneral NeuroscienceDentate gyrusBrainColocalizationImmunohistochemistryRatsOligodendrogliamedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologynervous systemchemistryBrain InjuriesNeurogliaNeurology (clinical)Pyramidal cellCaSR; BrainCalcium sensing receptor (CaSR) isolated for the first time from bovine and human parathyroid is a G-protein-coupled receptors that has been involved in diverse physiological functions. At present a complete in vivo work on the identification of CaSR mRNA-expressing cells in the adult brain lacks and this investigation was undertaken in order to acquire more information on cell type expressing CaSR mRNA in the rat brain and to analyse for the first time its expression in different experimental models of brain injury. The expression of CaSR mRNAs was found mainly in scattered cells throughout almost all the brain regions. A double labeling analysis showed a colocalization of CaSR mRNA expression in neurons and oligodendrocytes whereas it was not found expressed both in the microglia and in astrocytes. One week after kainate-induced seizure CaSR was found in the injured CA3 region of the hippocampus and very interestingly it was found up-regulated in the neurons of CA1-CA2 and dentate gyrus. Similarly 1 week following ibotenic acid injection in the hippocampus CaSR mRNA expression was increased in oligodendrocytes both in the lesioned area and in the contralateral CA1-CA3 pyramidal cell layers and dentate gyrus. One week after needle-induced mechanical lesion an increase of labeled cells expressing CaSR mRNA was observed along the needle track. In conclusion the present results contribute to extend available data on cell type-expressing CaSR in normal and injured brain and could spur to understand the role of CaSR in repairing processes of brain injury.Receptors Calcium-SensingIbotenic acidDevelopmental BiologyAstrocyte
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Time course of ERP generators to syllables in infants: A source localization study using age-appropriate brain templates

2011

article i nfo Event-related potentials (ERPs) have become an important tool in the quest to understand how infants pro- cess perceptual information. Identification of the activation loci of the ERP generators is a technique that pro- vides an opportunity to explore the neural substrates that underlie auditory processing. Nevertheless, as infant brain templates from healthy, non-clinical samples have not been available, the majority of source localization studies in infants have used non-realistic head models, or brain templates derived from older children or adults. Given the dramatic structural changes seen across infancy, all of which profoundly affect the electrical fields measured with …

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyTime FactorsCognitive NeuroscienceSpeech recognitionElectroencephalographyAudiologyAuditory cortexPhoneticsEvent-related potentialSource localizationmedicineHumansEvoked PotentialsOddball paradigmta515Anterior cingulate cortexCerebral CortexTemporal cortexBrain Mappingmedicine.diagnostic_testVoice-onset timeAge FactorsInfantMagnetic Resonance Imagingmedicine.anatomical_structureNeurologyFemalePsychologyNeuroImage
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Consumer Culture

2013

The debate on standardization versus adaptation is everywhere apparent and addresses the question whether and to what extent consumer behaviour differs between countries. While some studies confirm the assumption of one single pan-European market, another stream of research emphasizes that European countries continue to possess predominantly distinct market identities and favour multi-regional strategies. Thus, in the tension between worldwide standardization, national customization, and hybrid approaches such as “glocalization,” the aim of this chapter is to shed light on the importance of cultural differences and similarities in international marketing. After discussing the meaning of cul…

Marketing managementStandardizationGlocalizationCultural diversityPolitical scienceMarketingAdaptation (computer science)Consumer behaviourPersonalizationMeaning (linguistics)
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A new scenario for banks: glocal banking. A theoretical approach to propose for Europe

2017

In the early 1990s, with the development of information and communication technology (ICT), global banks began looking for a new world consisting of markets rather than relationships through the development of standardised services in the markets. However, in the early 21st century, with the collapse of the speculative bubble and the financial crisis of 2008, which caused financial instability and damaged the real economy, the entire banking system and the market itself suffered profound changes in profitability. Thus, began efforts to develop a new cultural relationship between banks and companies known as 'glocal banking'. These include: studying the needs of customers, planning and provi…

MarketingPharmacologyOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource ManagementGlocalizationbusiness.industryStrategy and ManagementPharmaceutical ScienceFinancial instabilityMarket economyEconomyInformation and Communications TechnologyDrug DiscoveryFinancial crisisRetail bankingProfitability indexBusinessReal economyEconomic bubbleInternational Journal of Financial Innovation in Banking
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Experimental analysis of acoustical properties of irregular cavities using laser refracto-vibrometry

2018

International audience; In this paper, the Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer (SLDV) is used to measure acoustic pressure in small regions of cavities for the study of acoustical localization. It is shown that this optical method leads to interesting information on localized acoustical modes inside irregular cavities, which are very difficult to observe using conventional microphone measurements. Indeed, localization regions are often of comparable size or even smaller than a typical microphone which can make this type of sensor intrusive. The SLDV is used to measure sound pressure after deriving the refracto-vibrometry method from its standard use. Data are obtained in a large area with a h…

Materials scienceAcoustics and UltrasonicsMicrophonebusiness.industryAcousticsAcoustic localizationIrregular cavitiesLaser01 natural scienceslaw.invention[PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]010309 opticsResonatorNoise reduction coefficientOpticsQuality (physics)law0103 physical sciencesAcoustic dampingRefracto-vibrometrySound pressurebusiness010301 acousticsImage resolutionEnergy (signal processing)
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A phase-field model for strain localization analysis in softening elastoplastic materials

2019

Abstract The present paper deals with the localization of strains in those structures consisting of materials exhibiting plastic softening response. It is assumed that strain localization develops in a finite thickness band separated from the remaining part of the structure by weak discontinuity surfaces. In view of the small thickness of the band with respect to the dimensions of the structure, the interphase concept is used for the mechanical modeling of the localization phenomenon. We propose a formulation for the quasi-static modeling of strain localization based on a phase-field approach. In this sense, the localization band is smeared over the volume of the structure and a smooth tran…

Materials scienceField (physics)Applied MathematicsMechanical EngineeringPhase (waves)02 engineering and technologyBendingMechanics021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsInstabilityDiscontinuity (linguistics)020303 mechanical engineering & transports0203 mechanical engineeringMechanics of MaterialsPhase-field Elastoplasticity Softening Strain localizationModeling and SimulationGeneral Materials ScienceInterphaseSettore ICAR/08 - Scienza Delle Costruzioni0210 nano-technologySofteningFinite thicknessInternational Journal of Solids and Structures
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Impact of nitrogen doping on the band structure and the charge carrier scattering in monolayer graphene

2021

The addition of nitrogen as a dopant in monolayer graphene is a flexible approach to tune the electronic properties of graphene as required for applications. Here, we investigate the impact of the doping process that adds N dopants and defects on the key electronic properties, such as the mobility, the effective mass, the Berry phase, and the scattering times of the charge carriers. Measurements at low temperatures and magnetic fields up to 9 T show a decrease of the mobility with increasing defect density due to elastic, short-range scattering. At low magnetic fields weak localization indicates an inelastic contribution depending on both defects and dopants. Analysis of the effective mass …

Materials sciencePhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)DopantCondensed matter physics530 PhysicsScatteringGrapheneDoping530 Physiklaw.inventionWeak localizationCondensed Matter::Materials Sciencesymbols.namesakeEffective mass (solid-state physics)Dirac fermionlawPhysics::Atomic and Molecular ClusterssymbolsGeneral Materials ScienceCharge carrierPhysical Review Materials
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Carrier confinement in Ge/Si quantum dots grown with an intermediate ultrathin oxide layer

2012

We present computational results for strain effects on charge carrier confinement in Ge${}_{x}$Si${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ quantum dots (QDs) grown on an oxidized Si surface. The strain and free carrier probability density distributions are obtained using the continuum elasticity theory and the effective-mass approximation implemented by a finite-element modeling scheme. Using realistic parameters and conditions for hemisphere and pyramid QDs, it is pointed out that an uncapped hemisphere dot deposited on the Si surface with an intermediate ultrathin oxide layer offers advantageous electron-hole separation distances with respect to a square-based pyramid grown directly on Si. The enhanced sep…

Materials scienceQuantum dotOrder (ring theory)Charge carrierCharge (physics)HeterojunctionContinuum (set theory)ElectronCondensed Matter PhysicsMolecular physicsElectron localization functionElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsPhysical Review B
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