Search results for "luu"
showing 10 items of 614 documents
Effects of gender inequality and wealth inequality on within-sex mating competition under hypergyny
2022
Documentation of code used for MS: "Effects of gender inequality and wealth inequality on within-sex mating competition under hypergyny", published in Evolution and Human Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.006 1. Overview The code provided is Matlab code. The function 'iteratedmatching.m' contains the main code for the simulation. When contained in the same folder (along with its sub-functions 'pickcandidates.m' and 'vectperm.m'), this code can be called from the scripts Figure_1.m, Figure_2.m etc. to produce the figures. 2. File list __________ Title: Main code File name: iteratedmatching.m Description: Main code for running simulations of iterative partner matching T…
Memory-saving optimization algorithms for systems with limited hardware
2011
The Good-Genes and Compatible-Genes Benefits of Mate Choice
2009
Genetic benefits from mate choice could be attained by choosing mates with high heritable quality (“good genes”) and that are genetically compatible (“compatible genes”). We clarify the conceptual and empirical framework for estimating genetic benefits of mate choice, stressing that benefits must be measured from offspring fitness because there are no unequivocal surrogates for genetic quality of individuals or for compatibility of parents. We detail the relationship between genetic benefits and additive and nonadditive genetic variance in fitness, showing that the benefits have been overestimated in previous verbal treatments. We point out that additive benefits readily arise from nonaddit…
An evolutionary perspective on stress responses, damage and repair
2022
Variation in stress responses has been investigated in relation to environmental factors, species ecology, life history and fitness. Moreover, mechanistic studies have unravelled molecular mechanisms of how acute and chronic stress responses cause physiological impacts (‘damage’), and how this damage can be repaired. However, it is not yet understood how the fitness effects of damage and repair influence stress response evolution. Here we study the evolution of hormone levels as a function of stressor occurrence, damage and the efficiency of repair. We hypothesise that the evolution of stress responses depends on the fitness consequences of damage and the ability to repair that damage. To o…
Polyandry and its effect on male and female fitness
2006
Miksi metsämyyränaaraalla on useampia rakastajia, on mielenkiintoinen kysymys evoluutioekologiassa. Yksi koiras riittäisi hyvin hedelmöittämään kaikki naaraan munasolut, ja useamman koiraan kanssa jatkuvat lemmenleikit altistavat naaraan niin pedon hampaille kuin tautiriskille. Useamman koiraan kanssa parittelu näyttää kuitenkin olevan enemmän sääntö kuin poikkeus.Ines Klemmen väitöskirjatutkimuksen aiheena oli selvittää, mitä hyötyä naaraalle on useamman koiraan kanssa parittelusta. Klemme osoitti tutkimuksessaan, että mitä useamman koiraan kanssa metsämyyränaaras parittelee yhden lisääntymiskerran aikana, sitä parempi on sen lisääntymistulos. Metsämyyrän poikuekoko on 5-6, ja naaras saatt…
The evolutionary ecology of space use and its conservation consequences
2007
López-Sepulcre tutki väitöskirjassaan ekologis-evolutiivisia vuorovaikutussilmukoita yksilön ominaisuuksien ja populaatiotason ilmiöiden välillä. Ekologis-evolutiivisen vuorovaikutussilmukan käsite kuvastaa ekologisen demografian ja evoluutiobiologian välistä riippuvuussuhdetta. Silmukassa yksilöiden perinnöllisesti ohjatut käyttäytymis- ja elinkiertopiirteet heijastuvat populaation dynamiikkaan. Populaation dynamiikan muuttuminen suosii tiettyjä genotyyppejä toisten kustannuksella.Reviiri- ja dispersaalikäyttäytyminen ovat López- Sepulcren keskeisimmät tutkimuskohteet. Väitöksen ensimmäisessä osassa López-Sepulcre havaitsi, että demografiset prosessit kohtelevat reviirin omistajia ja revii…
Bateman gradients from first principles
2022
In 1948, Angus Bateman presented experiments and concepts that remain influential and debated in sexual selection. The Bateman gradient relates reproductive success to mate number, and Bateman presented this as the cause of intra-masculine selection. A deeper causal level was subsequently asserted: that the ultimate cause of sex differences in Bateman gradients is the sex difference in gamete numbers, an argument that remains controversial and without mathematical backup. Here I develop models showing how asymmetry in gamete numbers alone can generate steeper Bateman gradients in males. This conclusion remains when the further asymmetry of internal fertilisation is added to the model and fe…
Individual- and group-level sex ratios under local mate competition : consequences of infanticide and reproductive dominance
2023
Extremely female-biased sex ratios of parasitoid wasps in multiple-foundress groups challenges evolutionary theory which predicts diminishing bias as foundress numbers increase. Recent theory based on foundress cooperation has achieved qualitative rather than quantitative success in explaining bias among parasitoids in the genus Sclerodermus. Here, we develop an explanation, expanding the theory of local mate competition, based on the observation that male production seems dominated by some foundresses within groups. Two sex ratio effects arise from such reproductive dominance: an immediate effect via suppression of male production, and a long-term evolutionary response to reproductive skew…
Exposure to Chemical Cues from Predator-Exposed Conspecifics Increases Reproduction in a Wild Rodent
2018
Abstract Predation involves more than just predators consuming prey. Indirect effects, such as fear responses caused by predator presence, can have consequences for prey life history. Laboratory experiments have shown that some rodents can recognize fear in conspecifics via alarm pheromones. Individuals exposed to alarm pheromones can exhibit behavioural alterations that are similar to those displayed by predator-exposed individuals. Yet the ecological and evolutionary significance of alarm pheromones in wild mammals remains unclear. We investigated how alarm pheromones affect the behaviour and fitness of wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in outdoor enclosures. Specifically, we compared th…