Search results for "maaseutu"

Maaseutukäsityöläisten sosiaalinen asema ja keskinäinen hierarkia esimodernissa Suomessa

2018

Huligaaneja ja pamppukaartilaisia : kieltolain kiertäminen ja kontrollointi Saarijärvellä vuosina 1927-1930

2012

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults.

2019

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—w…

Parental Involvement or Interference? : Rural Teachers’ Perceptions

2021

This research explored rural state school teachers’ perceptions concerning parental involvement in children’s education in a developing country context. The data were collected through thematic interviews with teachers of public schools situated in the rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. The study findings revealed teachers’ frustration and disappointment regarding parental involvement. Teachers believed that susceptible socioeconomic circumstances and adherence to local customs hindered many parents from participating in their children’s education. In line with this, teachers frequently held negative perceptions regarding children’s parents, and these perceptions have the po…

Poverty and Tax Exemptions in Mid-Nineteenth Century Finland

2017

The topic of this article is the nature and social character of Finnish rural poverty during the early stages of industrialization. Specifically, I analyze households exempted from two separate taxes in order to locate and study the rural poor. Contrary to several previous considerations deeming taxation sources unreliable in poverty studies, it is shown that under controlled settings tax exemption information does display promising features. These include a high exemption percentage of households without adult male members, small average household size of the tax exempted and a clear concentration of the exemptions on the lower rural social classes. My findings also highlight the fact that…

Drivers, barriers and impacts of digitalisation in rural areas from the viewpoint of experts

2022

Abstract Context: The domain of rural areas, including rural communities, agriculture, and forestry, is going through a process of deep digital transformation. Digitalisation can have positive impacts on sustainability in terms of greater environmental control, and community prosperity. At the same time, it can also have disruptive effects, with the marginalisation of actors that cannot cope with the change. When developing a novel system for rural areas, requirements engineers should carefully consider the specific socio-economic characteristics of the domain, so that potential positive effects can be maximised, while mitigating negative impacts. Objective: The goal of this paper is to sup…

How do community development activities affect the construction of rural places? : A case study from Finland

2019

Community‐based development practices have been seen as the prevailing paradigm for rural development. Rural community development practices are employed especially through local non‐governmental organisations, such as village associations, to ensure that rural communities are vital and attractive places to live. In this article, we explore how community development practices affect and shape rural places. The data were collected in three Finnish villages that each have an active village association and that have adopted community development practices as their method of keeping their village viable. According to the results of our study, the impacts of community practices on rural places c…

Rural livelihood diversification: a solution for poverty in the post‐Soviet rural Baltic states?

2019

This article analyses rural livelihood diversification through a longitudinal follow‐up survey, that targets former collective farm workers in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. It argues, that between 1995 and 2010 the former collective farm workers employed three distinct livelihood diversification strategies in order to create their living. A wage‐based livelihood diversification strategy, which does not include any agricultural practices, was more common among the better‐off households. A farm‐based livelihood diversification strategy, which does not rely on salaries, was more often employed by the poor. A mixed strategy, that combines both wage income and farm activities, was used by both …

The resilience of rural Ethiopian livelihoods : a case study from Hararghe zone, Eastern Ethiopia

2011

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the resilience and sustainability of rural Ethiopian livelihoods. The resilience and sustainability of livelihoods were studied in framework of food security. Preventing, coping and recovering from the shocks and stresses, in this case from drought and food insecurity, form an essential part of resilience and sustainability and therefore preventing and coping strategies were emphasized in this study. Also the effectiveness of the external aid was touched in empirical data because of its essential existence in the studied villages. The empirical data was gathered by interviewing people living in six rural villages in Hararghe zone, Eastern Ethiopia. …

Textiles in blue : production, consumption and material culture in rural areas in early-nineteenth century Finland

2021

The article focuses on masculine consumption patterns and the production and dyeing of textiles in rural Finland in the early nineteenth century. It maintains that the rural consumption of textiles as well as individual choices and tastes evolved, and our selected examples of males’ wardrobes demonstrate that contemporary styles were followed. The article targets an era that can be regarded as a watershed: this was a time when mass production was in its infancy and craft production and self-sufficiency were still relevant to household economies. As the wealth of certain groups, particularly landed peasantry, increased, they began among other things to purchase and wear clothes dyed with imp…