Search results for "madot"
showing 10 items of 43 documents
Interactions between two parasites of brown trout (Salmo trutta): Consequences of preinfection
2018
Preinfection by one parasitic species may facilitate or by contrast hamper the subsequent penetration and/or establishment of other parasites in a host. The biology of interacting species, timing of preinfection, and dosage of subsequent parasite exposure are likely important variables in this multiparasite dynamic infection process. The increased vulnerability to subsequent infection can be an important and often overlooked factor influencing parasite virulence. We investigated how the preinfection by freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera glochidia could influence the success of subsequent infection by the common trematode Diplostomum pseudospathaceum in brown trout Salmo tru…
Evolutionary ecology of complex life cycle parasites : from genotypes to species assemblages
2012
Detecting effects of developmental mode variation on population genetic stability
2011
The effect of variation in developmental mode on the population dynamics of a spionid polychaete (Pygospio elegans) in a heterogeneous environment
2018
Larval life history, transmission strategies, and the evolution of intermediate host exploitation by complex life-cycle parasites
2007
Complex life-cycle parasites use their intermediate hosts both as an energy source and as a vessel for transmission to the next host in the life cycle. Parasites that grow rapidly to a large size may have high fitness (e.g. time spent in uninfective stages is limited), yet those that grow too aggressively may reduce host viability and their own probability of successful transmission. I examined aspects of both the growth and transmission strategy of an acanthocephalan (Acanthocephalus lucii) in its isopod intermediate host. In an experimental infection, the relative rate of larval parasite growth slowed over time, and eventually parasites seemed to reach a threshold biomass sustainable by t…
Maankäytön ja maaperäeläinten vaikutus ravinteiden ja torjunta-aineiden valuntaan peltomaasta
2011
Tehomaatalous pyrkii maksimoimaan maan tuottavuutta. Samalla se saattaa kuitenkin vaikuttaa negatiivisesti agroekosysteemien ravinnekiertoon ja maaperän rakenteeseen. Maaperäeläinten toiminnallisen monimuotoisuuden pieneneminen voi osaltaan heikentää maan ravinnekiertoa ja rakennetta. Tässä tutkimuksessa kasvatettiin mikrokosmoksissa vehnää ja verrattiin tehomaatalouskäytössä olleen maan ja laidunmaan kykyä pidättää ravinteita (N) ja torjunta-aineita (metributsiini) sekä tutkittiin, miten änkyrimadot ja lierot vaikuttavat ravinteiden ja torjunta-aineen valuntaan. Laidunmaa pidätti torjunta-ainetta paremmin kuin tehomaatalousmaa, mikä johtui lähinnä laidunmaan suuremmasta orgaanisen aineen p…
Toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Lumbriculus variegatus is a function of dissolved silver and promoted by low sediment pH
2018
Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to benthic organisms is a major concern. The use of AgNPs in industry and consumer products leads to increasing release of AgNPs into the aquatic environment—sediments being the major sink. Effects of sediment pH on the toxicity of AgNPs to benthic oligochaeta Lumbriculus variegatus were studied in a 23‐d toxicity test. Artificially prepared sediments (pH 5 and 7) were spiked with varying concentrations of uncoated AgNP, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐coated AgNP, and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as dissolved Ag reference. Number of individuals and biomass change were used as endpoints for the toxicity. The toxic effects were related to the bioaccessible conce…
Behaviour of sediment-associated silver nanoparticles and their toxicity to Lumbriculus variegatus
2017
The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in industry and consumer products results in the increasing environmental concentrations of AgNPs. In the aquatic environment, sediment is the major sink for the AgNPs. The behaviour and toxicity of AgNPs in sediments is largely unknown, and therefore the potential risk to the benthic ecosystems is difficult to predict. The aim of this thesis was to study the toxicity and uptake of uncoated AgNPs (uc-AgNPs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs (PVP-AgNPs) to Lumbriculus variegatus in sediment exposures. Also, the association of AgNP-originated dissolved Ag with sediment components was studied using a sequential extraction method. Studies w…
Seasonal variation in diversity of marine benthic invertebrates leads to a positive species-genetic diversity correlation (SGDC)
2018
Species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs) are useful indicators of processes that simultaneously affect diversity at multiple biological levels. We combined spatial and temporal sampling of 4 study sites in the Danish Isefjord-Roskilde Fjord Estuary at 4 time points over 1 yr to investigate the effect of seasonal variation on SGDCs. Species diversity was estimated as species richness from samples comprising 20752 individuals representing 51 benthic invertebrate taxa. Genetic diversity was estimated for a single focal taxon, the polychaete Pygospio elegans, as mean allelic richness at 7 microsatellite loci. Combining all samples, a significant positive correlation between species richne…