Search results for "making"

Telephone Consultation

2016

The article by Martina Albrecht and her co-authors (1) addresses an important aspect of patient-oriented medical decision making in Germany: to what extent does the advice dispensed by the freely accessible telephone consultation services correspond with the evidence? In other words: Can people who turn to these services understand and trust the information they are given? Only six of 293 consultations fulfilled the criteria defined by the authors—on the face of it, an alarming outcome.

Wine Yeast Terroir: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff-for an Open Debate.

2020

Wine terroir is characterized by a specific taste and style influenced by the cultivar of the fermented grapes, geographical factors such as the vineyard, mesoclimate, topoclimate, and microclimate, soil geology and pedology, and the agronomic approach used. These characteristics together define the concept of “terroir”. Thus, regional distinctive flavors in wine have been the subject of many studies aimed at better understanding the link between the wine and the vineyard. Indeed, the identification of key environmental elements involved in the regional variation of grape and wine quality characteristics is a critical feature for improving wine production in terms of consumer preference and…

Wine yeast peroxiredoxin TSA1 plays a role in growth, stress response and trehalose metabolism in biomass propagation

2020

This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine Yeast 1.0.

Differential Gene Expression and Allele Frequency Changes Favour Adaptation of a Heterogeneous Yeast Population to Nitrogen-Limited Fermentations

2020

Alcoholic fermentation is fundamentally an adaptation process, in which the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae outperforms its competitors and takes over the fermentation process itself. Although wine yeast strains appear to be adapted to the stressful conditions of alcoholic fermentation, nitrogen limitations in grape must cause stuck or slow fermentations, generating significant economic losses for the wine industry. One way to discover the genetic bases that promote yeast adaptation to nitrogen-deficient environments are selection experiments, where a yeast population undergoes selection under conditions of nitrogen restriction for a number of generations, to then identify by sequencing the …

2020

In wine, one method of limiting the addition of sulphites, a harmful and allergenic agent, is bio-protection. This practice consists of the early addition of microorganisms on grape must before fermentation. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts have been proposed as an interesting alternative to sulphite addition. However, scientific data proving the effectiveness of bio-protection remains sparse. This study provides the first analysis of the chemical and microbiological effects of a Metschnikowia pulcherrima strain inoculated at the beginning of the red winemaking process in three wineries as an alternative to sulphiting. Like sulphiting, bio-protection effectively limited the growth of spoilage micro…

On the Acceptability of the Ambient Tax Mechanism: An Experimental Investigation

2009

There is a common belief among nonpoint source pollution managers that ambient taxes are likely to raise acceptability problems. In this paper, we empirically assess the acceptability of ambient taxes. Concretely, we ask participants in an experiment to play the role of polluters who choose between (A) an ambient tax scheme and (B) an individual tax system (polluters are heterogeneous, with small, medium and large capacity polluters). In case (A), polluters' payoff depends on total emissions and on natural variability whereas in case (B) polluters earn a sure payoff. The sure payoff level reflects polluters' maximal profit under the individual tax system and ranges from 40% to 95% of pollut…

Roles Of Stakeholders In Strategic Decision-Making Of Microfinance Organizations

2009

Microfinance organizations provide financial services to low income people. These organizations have been increasing dramatically worldwide. This increment calls attention for these organizations and their boards to make strategic decisions which enable them perform well and compete with each other. Based on literature, this paper identifies six types of microfinance stakeholders who sit on boards. These are clients, employees, government, donors, creditors and owners. The paper discusses different roles of these stakeholders when they sit on boards of Microfinance Organizations. These roles are further explained to show how they contribute to the process of making strategic decisions. Lite…

Increase of sulfite tolerance in Oenococcus oeni by means of acidic adaptation

1998

International audience; Sulfite is an antimicrobial agent used at the beginning of winemaking to avoid development of undesirable microorganisms. However, Oenococcus oeni, which is mainly responsible for the malolactic fermentation, has to grow in wine and therefore has to be resistant to sulfite. This study showed that acid-adapted cells of O. oeni survived better than non-adapted cells in the presence of a high sulfite concentration (30 mg l-1). Addition of a sub-lethal concentration of sulfite (15 mg l31) during the adaptation step in acidic medium increases the sulfite tolerance. Moreover, sulfite appeared to be able to induce a heat shocklike response. Our results suggest that pH homeo…

A Critical Period for Prefrontal Network Configurations Underlying Psychiatric Disorders and Addiction

2020

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been classically defined as the brain region responsible for higher cognitive functions, including the decision-making process. Ample information has been gathered during the last 40 years in an attempt to understand how it works. We now know extensively about the connectivity of this region and its relationship with neuromodulatory ascending projection areas, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) or the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Both areas are well-known regulators of the reward-based decision-making process and hence likely to be involved in processes like evidence integration, impulsivity or addiction biology, but also in helping us to predict…

Mitochondria inheritance is a key factor for tolerance to dehydration in wine yeast production

2015

UNLABELLED Mitochondria are the cell's powerhouse when organisms are grown in the presence of oxygen. They are also the source of reactive oxygen species that cause damage to the biochemical components of the cell and lead to cellular ageing and death. Under winemaking conditions, Saccharomyces yeasts exclusively have a fermentative metabolism due to the high sugar content of grape must. However, their production as an active dry yeast (ADY) form required aerobic propagation and a dehydration process. In these industrial steps, oxidative stress is particularly harmful for the cell. In this work, we analysed the impact of the mitochondrial genome on oxidative stress response, longevity and d…