Search results for "mass screening"
showing 10 items of 187 documents
Administration of Triclabendazole Is Safe and Effective in Controlling Fascioliasis in an Endemic Community of the Bolivian Altiplano
2012
Background Emergence of human fascioliasis prompted a worldwide control initiative including a pilot study in a few countries. Two hyperendemic areas were chosen: Huacullani, Northern Altiplano, Bolivia, representing the Altiplanic transmission pattern with high prevalences and intensities; Cajamarca valley, Peru, representing the valley pattern with high prevalences but low intensities. Coprological sample collection, transport and study procedures were analyzed to improve individual diagnosis and subsequent treatments and surveillance activities. Therefore, a coproantigen-detection technique (MM3-COPRO ELISA) was evaluated, using classical techniques for egg detection for comparison. Meth…
Developmental links of very early phonological and language skills to second grade reading outcomes: strong to accuracy but only minor to fluency.
2008
The authors examined second grade reading accuracy and fluency and their associations via letter knowledge to phonological and language predictors assessed at 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years in children in the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Dyslexia. Structural equation modeling showed that a developmentally highly stable factor (early phonological and language processing [EPLP]) behind key dyslexia predictors (i.e., phonological awareness, short-term memory, rapid naming, vocabulary, and pseudoword repetition) could already be identified at 3.5 years. EPLP was significantly associated with reading and spelling accuracy and by age with letter knowledge. However, EPLP had only a minor link with re…
Early motor development and later language and reading skills in children at risk of familial dyslexia.
2005
Relationships between early motor development and language and reading skills were studied in 154 children, of whom 75 had familial risk of dyslexia (37 females, 38 males; at-risk group) and 79 constituted a control group (32 females, 47 males). Motor development was assessed by a structured parental questionnaire during the child's first year of life. Vocabulary and inflectional morphology skills were used as early indicators of language skills at 3 years 6 months and 5 years or 5 years 6 months of age, and reading speed was used as a later indicator of reading skills at 7 years of age. The same subgroups as in our earlier study (in which the cluster analysis was described) were used in th…
Urinary ethyl glucuronide (uEtG) as a marker for alcohol consumption in liver transplant candidates: a real-world cohort
2020
In order to reduce alcohol relapse after liver transplantation (LT), the German national guidelines for waiting-list maintenance and organ allocation demand a minimum 6-month period of alcohol abstinence pre-LT, confirmed by measuring urinary ethyl glucuronide (uEtG). Between January 2015 and June 2016, uEtG was measured at least once in 339 cirrhotic patients with an indication for LT at the University Medical Center Mainz. uEtG was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening test (cutoff value: 500 µg/L). For uEtG values ≥ 500 µg/L, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed as a confirmatory assay. Data were collected prospectively in a tra…
Trends in Frequency and Management of Obstructing Colorectal Cancers in a Well-Defined Population
2007
Few population-based studies investigate obstructing colorectal cancers. This study was designed to describe trends in their frequency and management. Data were obtained for 13,331 colorectal cancers registered by the population-based cancer registry of Burgundy, France, between the years 1976 and 2000. Obstructing cancers represented 8.3 percent of all colorectal cancers. This proportion was stable throughout the study. Resection for cure increased from 54.9 percent (1976–1980) to 71.4 percent (1996–2000; P = 0.011). Using multivariate analysis, site of cancer and period of diagnosis were the only factors significantly associated to a curative resection. Postoperative mortality for obstruc…
Long-term effect of faecal occult blood screening on incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer
2014
Abstract Background Several randomized trials have shown a reduction of colorectal cancer mortality by screening using guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests. However, little is known on the long-term effect of screening at the population level in everyday practice. Methods Small-sized geographic areas including a total of 91,199 individuals were allocated to either biennal screening using the Hemoccult-II test or no screening. The expected mortality and incidence in the cohort invited to screening was determined using mortality and incidence in the non-screened population. Results Colorectal cancer mortality was significantly lower in the population invited to screening than in the non-scr…
Epidemiology, prevention and screening for prostate cancer.
1996
Prostate cancer is a growing social problem. The economical impact is high and is likely to become greater in future years, not only because the number of patients diagnosed with prostatic neoplasias is increasing steadily, but also because of the promotion of screening programmes and the rise in the number of surgical procedures available. It can be concluded that, at the present stage, widespread implementation of screening cannot be recommended. The answer to the question of screening can only be provided by large randomised trials, comparing either screening versus no screening, or early versus delayed treatment in patients in whom early cancer is detected by screening.
Feasibility and utility of a cognitive screening for risk stratification in hospitalized older patients
2017
OBJECTIVES To determine whether the Mini-Cog can be applied by nursing staff to hospitalized elderly patients for cognitive impairment associated risk stratification. METHODS This explorative prospective multicenter cohort study was carried out among 2522 patients aged 70 and older, hospitalized due to physical illness in eight hospitals in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. All patients were asked to conduct the Mini-Cog at the day of admission and were clustered into low-performance, intermediate-performance, and good-performance categories by trained nursing staff and two experienced geronto-psychiatrists as gold standard. Complications in the course of the treatment were monitored. RESULTS …
Patterns of recurrence of obstructing colon cancers after surgery for cure: a population-based study.
2013
Aim Little is known about patterns of recurrence in obstructing colon cancer (OCC) at a population level. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of recurrence following potentially curative surgery in OCC compared with that in uncomplicated colon cancer (CC). Method Data were obtained from the population-based digestive cancer registry of Burgundy (France). Local and distant failure rates were calculated using actuarial methods. A multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox model. Results Obstructing colon cancer represented 8.5% of all colon cancers resected with curative intent (n = 3375). The 5-year cumulative local recurrence rate was 14.2% for OCC and 7.6% for nonobstructi…
Immune-unreactive urinary albumin as a predictor of cardiovascular events: The Hortega Study
2019
Background: We aimed to determine if immune-unreactive albumin excretion (IURAE) is associated with cardiovascular (CV) events in a representative sample of a general population from Spain.Methods: We included 1297 subjects (mean age ± standard error 48.0 ± 0.2 years, 48% females), who participated in the Hortega Follow-Up Study. The primary endpoint was incidence of fatal and non-fatal CV events. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured in spot voided urine, frozen at -80°C, by immunonephelometry [immune-reactive albumin excretion (IRAE)] and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [total albumin excretion (AE)]. IURAE was calculated as the difference between HPLC measurements…