Search results for "mass"
showing 10 items of 9693 documents
Effects of carbohydrate content on body composition during weight loss in female fitness competitors
2017
Introduction. Bodybuilders and fitness competitors are aiming to reduce fat mass and maintain lean mass during the competition phase. Low carbohydrate diets compared to low fat diets have claimed to be more effective in weight loss, but the results are still controversial. Low carbohydrate intake and high protein intake have been reported in bodybuilders during the diet, but the evidence of its effectiveness is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of carbohydrate content on body composition during weight loss in female fitness competitors. Methods. A total of 50 female subjects participated in this study, 27 were competitors, and 23 were weight training stable controls.…
Review of Particle Physics
2020
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, …
The influence of lipid content and taxonomic affiliation on methane and carbon dioxide production from phytoplankton biomass in lake sediment
2021
The greenhouse gases methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are end products of microbial anaerobic degradation of organic matter (OM) in lake sediments. Although previous research has shown that phytoplankton lipid content influences sediment methanogenesis, current understanding on how OM quality affects methanogenesis is still limited. Such information is needed to more accurately assess how lake greenhouse gas emissions may change in response to anthropogenic activities. We cultured 11 phytoplankton species from five classes and studied how taxonomic identity, C : N ratio, lipid content, and fatty acid composition of phytoplankton biomass affects the CH4 and net CO2 production in anaero…
Influence of temperature on mass transfer in an incomplete trapping single hollow fibre supported liquid membrane extraction of triazole fungicides.
2008
The influence of temperature in a single hollow fibre supported liquid membrane extraction of triazole fungicides with a stagnant acceptor phase was investigated. The mass transfer parameters such as diffusion coefficient, flux and apparent viscosity were determined at temperature ranging from 278 K to 313 K. Increase in temperature led to an increase in diffusion coefficient and flux. The apparent viscosity also decreased with an increase in temperature. The degree of trapping in the acceptor phase influenced the mass transfer at higher temperature. At lower temperature, the transport of analytes from the donor solution through the donor-membrane interface and through the membrane mainly a…
Risk assessment of exposure to organic chemicals in children and mothers using human biomonitoring
2022
Today, global chemical manufacturing is increasing each year, making environmental pollution and exposure to chemicals a serious public health problem linked to the development of many non-genetic diseases. Approximately, 70 % of chemicals consumed in Europe in 2019 were hazardous for human health. These harmful substances can enter to the food chain and remain in the environment, making humans exposed to them mainly by ingestion, inhalation or dermal exposure. Consequently, exposure to chemicals should be continuously monitored for assuring health protection of citizens by two ways: i) studying their presence in environmental compartments, such as water, food, soil or air, by environmental…
Biomass Waste Processing into Artificial Humic Substances
2021
Abstract To address the biomass waste processing problem and transform it into refractory forms of carbon, recently suggested hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass in alkaline environment can be considered as a prospective and climate neutral approach. Biomass HTC provides possibilities to obtain form of biochar (hydrochar) and artificial humic substances, however the conditions of the HTC have not been much studied. Optimization by Response Surface Methodology of the HTC using microwave treatment with three experimental variables (treatment temperature, length of microwave treatment, amount of biomass per volume) provides the possibility to significantly increase the yield of humic s…
The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: Current and emerging issues
2009
Hallquist, M. Wenger, J. C. Baltensperger, U. Rudich, Y. Simpson, D. Claeys, M. Dommen, J. Donahue, N. M. George, C. Goldstein, A. H. Hamilton, J. F. Herrmann, H. Hoffmann, T. Iinuma, Y. Jang, M. Jenkin, M. E. Jimenez, J. L. Kiendler-Scharr, A. Maenhaut, W. McFiggans, G. Mentel, Th. F. Monod, A. Prevot, A. S. H. Seinfeld, J. H. Surratt, J. D. Szmigielski, R. Wildt, J.; Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a significant fraction of ambient tropospheric aerosol and a detailed knowledge of the formation, properties and transformation of SOA is therefore required to evaluate its impact on atmospheric processes, climate and human health. The chemical and physical processes associated wit…
Jokes, politics and scandals
2015
Variations in the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Moldoveanca 4 Romanian Variety
2020
International audience; In this research, the variations in the chemical composition of the Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oil, the Romanian variety Moldoveanca 4, obtained from the same culture, in the same harvesting and extraction conditions, during the years 2016-2018, representing the years 2-4 of culture. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. flowers were supplied from an ecological-crops from N-E Romania and the essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation of freshly harvested flowers. To determine the chemical composition, the essential oil was semi-quantitatively analysed by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In all the samples, 30 organic compoun…
Chemical Pretreatments of Wood Chips Prior to Alkaline Pulping - A Review of Pretreatment Alternatives, Chemical Aspects of the Resulting Liquors, an…
2015
The chemical industry is being forced to evaluate new strategies for more effective utilization of renewable feedstocks to diminish the use of fossil resources. In this literature review, the integration of both acidic and alkaline pretreatment phases of hardwood and softwood chips with chemical pulping is discussed. Depending on the pretreatment conditions, high-volume sulfur-free fractions with varying chemical compositions can be produced. In case of acidic pretreatments, the major products include carbohydrates (mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides), whereas under alkaline (i.e., aqueous NaOH) pretreatment conditions, the sulfur-free fractions of aliphatic carboxylic acids, lignin, and ex…