Search results for "master equation"
showing 10 items of 103 documents
Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in an open quantum system: Master equation approach
2010
A master equation approach to the study of environmental effects in the adiabatic population transfer in three-state systems is presented. A systematic comparison with the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach [N. V. Vitanov and S. Stenholm, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 56}, 1463 (1997)] shows that in the weak coupling limit the two treatments lead to essentially the same results. Instead, in the strong damping limit the predictions are quite different: in particular the counterintuitive sequences in the STIRAP scheme turn out to be much more efficient than expected before. This point is explained in terms of quantum Zeno dynamics.
NON-MARKOVIAN DYNAMICS OF CAVITY LOSSES
2008
We provide a microscopic derivation for the non-Markovian master equation for an atom-cavity system with cavity losses and show that they can induce population trapping in the atomic excited state, when the environment outside the cavity has a non-flat spectrum. Our results apply to hybrid solid state systems and can turn out to be helpful to find the most appropriate description of leakage in the recent developments of cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Master equations for two qubits coupled via a nonlinear mode
2013
A microscopic master equation describing the dynamics of two qubits coupled via a nonlinear mediator is constructed supposing that the two qubits, as well as the nonlinear mode, interact, each with its own independent bosonic bath. Generally speaking the master equation derived in this way represents a more appropriate tool for studying the dynamics of open quantum systems. Indeed we show that it is more complex than the phenomenological master equation, constructed simply adding ad hoc dissipative terms.
The Stochastic Limit of the Fröhlich Hamiltonian: Relations with the Quantum Hall Effect
2003
We propose a model of an approximatively two-dimensional electron gas in a uniform electric and magnetic field and interacting with a positive background through the Fröhlich Hamiltonian. We consider the stochastic limit of this model and we find the quantum Langevin equation and the generator of the master equation. This allows us to calculate the explicit form of the conductivity and the resistivity tensors and to deduce a fine tuning condition (FTC) between the electric and the magnetic fields. This condition shows that the x-component of the current is zero unless a certain quotient, involving the physical parameters, takes values in a finite set of physically meaningful rational number…
Diffusion in active magnetic colloids
2013
Abstract Properties of active colloids of circle swimmers are reviewed. As a particular example of active magnetic colloids the magnetotactic bacteria under the action of a rotating magnetic field is considered. The relation for a diffusion coefficient due to the random switching of the direction of rotation of their rotary motors is derived on the basis of the master equation. The obtained relation is confirmed by the direct numerical simulation of random trajectory of a magnetotactic bacterium under the action of the Poisson type internal noise due to the random switching of rotary motors. The results obtained are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with the available experimental r…
Stochastic models for heterogeneous relaxation: Application to inhomogeneous optical lineshapes
2001
Dynamic heterogeneity has often been modeled by assuming that a single-particle observable, fluctuating at a molecular scale, is influenced by its coupling to environmental variables fluctuating on a second, perhaps slower, time scale. Starting from the most simple Gaussian Markov process we model the exchange between 'slow' and 'fast' environments by treating the fluctuating single-particle variable as a projection from a higher-dimensional Markov process. The moments of the resulting stochastic process are calculated from the corresponding Master equations or Langevin equations, depending on the model. The calculations show the importance of the way to treat exchange processes. The result…
Geometric phase in open systems.
2003
We calculate the geometric phase associated to the evolution of a system subjected to decoherence through a quantum-jump approach. The method is general and can be applied to many different physical systems. As examples, two main source of decoherence are considered: dephasing and spontaneous decay. We show that the geometric phase is completely insensitive to the former, i.e. it is independent of the number of jumps determined by the dephasing operator.
Probabilistic description of traffic breakdowns
2001
We analyze the characteristic features of traffic breakdown. To describe this phenomenon we apply to the probabilistic model regarding the jam emergence as the formation of a large car cluster on highway. In these terms the breakdown occurs through the formation of a certain critical nucleus in the metastable vehicle flow, which enables us to confine ourselves to one cluster model. We assume that, first, the growth of the car cluster is governed by attachment of cars to the cluster whose rate is mainly determined by the mean headway distance between the car in the vehicle flow and, may be, also by the headway distance in the cluster. Second, the cluster dissolution is determined by the car …
Dissipative dynamics in a quantum bistable system: Crossover from weak to strong damping
2015
The dissipative dynamics of a quantum bistable system coupled to a Ohmic heat bath is investigated beyond the spin-boson approximation. Within the path-integral approach to quantum dissipation, we propose an approximation scheme which exploits the separation of time scales between intra- and interwell (tunneling) dynamics. The resulting generalized master equation for the populations in a space localized basis enables us to investigate a wide range of temperatures and system-environment coupling strengths. A phase diagram in the coupling-temperature space is provided to give a comprehensive account of the different dynamical regimes.
Spin-lattice relaxation of individual solid-state spins
2018
Understanding the effect of vibrations on the relaxation process of individual spins is crucial for implementing nanosystems for quantum information and quantum metrology applications. In this work, we present a theoretical microscopic model to describe the spin-lattice relaxation of individual electronic spins associated to negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond, although our results can be extended to other spin-boson systems. Starting from a general spin-lattice interaction Hamiltonian, we provide a detailed description and solution of the quantum master equation of an electronic spin-one system coupled to a phononic bath in thermal equilibrium. Special attention is given…