Search results for "matka"

Local culture in the context of international tourism : Japanese tourists' perceptions of the culture of Saariselkä and the views of Japanese travel …

2012

In tourism, cultures are often used as resources to attract tourists. This is because tourism is generated by difference. So that the culture of a tourist destination can be consumed by tourists the culture needs to go through commodification, a process through which part of the culture turns into a product or a service. Knowing how a culture is used for tourism practice is important from the viewpoint of the cultural sustainability of tourism. The present study primarily aims at examining how the local culture is dealt with by the Japanese in Saariselkä through tourism. The study concentrates on how Japanese tourists perceive the local culture during their stay and how the Japanese travel …

Three Stages of Consumers’ Multi-Stage Dichotomic Switching Process Pre-Switch, switch, and post-switch

2021

This research examines why and how consumers switch their mobile phones. We propose a framework that is grounded on decision-making and motivational theories and draws on the findings from a multinational qualitative survey on consumers’ mobile phone switching process. We show that consumers’ pre-switching decisions are affected by push and pull factors, their mobile phone selections are based on utilitarian or hedonic values, and their justifications for switching are based on cognition or affect. Furthermore, we identify two archetypical routes (i.e., cognitive and affective routes) and three conjoint routes that explain the dichotomic switching processes in pre-switch, switch, and post-s…

Representations of Finland in tourism brochures between 1973 and 2008

2009

Influence of Offline Activities and Customer Value Creation on Online Travel Community Continuance Usage Intention

2019

The purpose of this study is to empirically test a model that examines the roles of offline activities and customer value creation on tourists’ continuance use of online travel communities (OTCs). Hypotheses were tested through a sample of 251 respondents on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). SmartPLS structural equation modelling was used to test the structural model. Results indicated that offline activities significantly influence hedonic and social values, while this support was not found with functional value. Similarly, while offline activities positively influence continuance usage intention, no positive relationship was established between offline activities and recommendation intentio…

On Attacking Future 5G Networks with Adversarial Examples : Survey

2022

The introduction of 5G technology along with the exponential growth in connected devices is expected to cause a challenge for the efficient and reliable network resource allocation. Network providers are now required to dynamically create and deploy multiple services which function under various requirements in different vertical sectors while operating on top of the same physical infrastructure. The recent progress in artificial intelligence and machine learning is theorized to be a potential answer to the arising resource allocation challenges. It is therefore expected that future generation mobile networks will heavily depend on its artificial intelligence components which may result in …

Tourism-related informal interaction in Chembe, Malawi : an ethnographic study

2016

Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan turismin liittyvää vapaamuotoista kanssakäymistä paikallisten malawilaisten sekä ulkomaalaisten asukkaiden ja matkailijoiden välillä. Etnografinen pääaineisto on kerätty Malawissa keväällä 2013 ja se koostuu haastatteluista ja muistiinpanoista. Tosisijainen aineisto koostuu raporteista ja asiakirjoista, joiden tarkoitus on hahmotella ruohonjuuritason vuorovaikutukselle laajempi yhteiskunnallinen konteksti. Metodologisesti tutkielma hyödyntää ranskalaisen sosiologin ja etnologin Pierre Bourdieun esittelemää käytännön teoriaa ja sen keskeisiäkäsitteitä, jotka ovat kenttä, pääoma ja habitus. Tutkielman tarkoitus on valottaa niitä tekijöitä, jotka määrittävät eri toim…

Efficient Power Allocation for Multi-Cell Uplink NOMA Network

2019

Digital technologies are rapidly shaping the modern concepts of urbanization. It is a key element of developing practical smart cities of the future. In fact, they are the catalyst for the increasing networking of all areas of life in a smart city. Recent development in the domain of communication technologies has opened new avenues to realize the concept of smart cities. One of such communication technology is non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for future cellular communications. This article, therefore, focuses on the interference management of uplink cellular NOMA systems. Specifically, we propose a power optimization technique for NOMA to improve the sum-rate in a multi-cell environm…

Mobile Phone Theft, Resale, and Violence in Dar es Salaam

2021

In Africa’s towns and cities more than those on any other continent, governments seem unable to ensure security for their citizens. The majority of urban residents find themselves ‘entangled within power dynamics that position them at the city’s margins, literally and figuratively’ (Myers 2011) . Although urban informality is defined by its ‘illegality’ from the perspective of regulatory elites (Potts 2007) , some informal activities are viewed as predatory or harmful by the urban residents who must deal with them in their everyday lives. These include bribery by officials and service providers, dispossession of inheritance by relatives, brokerage fraud, extortion by local government offici…

Itäiset naapurimme : August Ahlqvistin suhtautuminen Venäjän suomalais-ugrilaisiin kansoihin ja venäläisiin

2000

The effects of short-term sojourn experiences on adolescents : five narratives of adolescent Finnish students in a comenius project: EU & I

2012

Tutkimuksessani tarkastelen lyhytaikaisen ulkomailla oleskelun vaikutuksia viiteen suomalaiseen alakouluikäiseen oppilaaseen. Oppilaiden kokemukset karttuivat Comenius projektissa EU ja minä. Kaikki viisi haastateltua lasta olivat oppilaina samassa Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla sijaitsevassa koulussa, ja osallistuivat samoille kolmeen eri EU-maahan suuntautuneille opintomatkoille. Kaikki oppilaat matkustivat oppilasparin kanssa, ja kokivat samantyyppisiä tapahtumia. Neljä viidestä tutkimukseen osallistuneesta oppilaasta isännöi perheessään ulkomaalaista oppilasta, ja tutkin myös heidän mahdollisia positiivisia kokemuksiaan isännöinnistä. Tutkimukseni lähdekirjallisuutena ja vertailuaineistona käytän…