Search results for "maximum"

showing 10 items of 753 documents

Broken symmetries in the reconstruction of ν=1 quantum Hall edges

1999

Spin-polarized reconstruction of the v=1 quantum Hall edge is accompanied by a spatial modulation of the charge density along the edge. We find that this is also the case for finite quantum Hall droplets: current spin density functional calculations show that the so-called Chamon-Wen edge forms a ring of apparently localized electrons around the maximum density droplet (MDD). The boundaries of these different phases qualitatively agree with recent experiments. For very soft confinement, Chern-Simons Ginzburg-Landau theory indicates formation of a non-translational invariant edge with vortices (holes) trapped in the edge region.

PhysicsCondensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale PhysicsCondensed matter physicsFOS: Physical sciencesCharge densityElectronInvariant (physics)Quantum Hall effectCondensed Matter PhysicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsVortexMesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)Homogeneous spaceMaximum densitySpin densityPhysica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures
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Quantum Dots in Magnetic Fields: Phase Diagram and Broken Symmetry at the Maximum-Density-Droplet Edge

1999

Quantum dots in magnetic fields are studied within the current spin-density-functional formalism avoiding any spatial symmetry restrictions of the solutions. We find that the maximum-density droplet reconstructs into states with broken internal symmetry: The Chamon-Wen edge coexists with a modulation of the charge density along the edge. The phase boundaries between the polarization transition, the maximum-density droplet, and its reconstruction are in agreement with recent experimental results.

PhysicsCondensed matter physicsInternal symmetryQuantum dotGeneral Physics and AstronomyCharge densityMaximum densitySymmetry breakingPolarization (waves)Magnetic fieldPhase diagram
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Maximum Entropy Limit of Small-scale Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Quiet Sun

2017

The observed magnetic field on the solar surface is characterized by a very complex spatial and temporal behavior. Although feature-tracking algorithms have allowed us to deepen our understanding of this behavior, subjectivity plays an important role in the identification and tracking of such features. In this paper, we continue studies Gorobets, A. Y., Borrero, J. M., & Berdyugina, S. 2016, ApJL, 825, L18 of the temporal stochasticity of the magnetic field on the solar surface without relying either on the concept of magnetic features or on subjective assumptions about their identification and interaction. We propose a data analysis method to quantify fluctuations of the line-of-sight …

PhysicsConvectionPhotosphere010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesScale (ratio)Principle of maximum entropyFOS: Physical sciencesAstronomy and Astrophysics01 natural sciencesMagnetic fieldAstrophysics - Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsSpace and Planetary ScienceQuantum electrodynamicsQUIET0103 physical sciencesAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsLimit (mathematics)010303 astronomy & astrophysicsSolar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)0105 earth and related environmental sciences
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A Robust Determination of the size of quasar accretion disks using gravitational microlensing

2012

Using microlensing measurements from a sample of 27 image-pairs of 19 lensed quasars we determine a maximum likelihood estimate for the accretion disk size of an {{\em}average} quasar of $r_s=4.0^{+2.4}_{-3.1} $ light days at rest frame $=1736$\AA\ for microlenses with a mean mass of $=0.3M_\odot$. This value, in good agreement with previous results from smaller samples, is roughly a factor of 5 greater than the predictions of the standard thin disk model. The individual size estimates for the 19 quasars in our sample are also in excellent agreement with the results of the joint maximum likelihood analysis.

PhysicsCosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)010308 nuclear & particles physicsMaximum likelihoodFOS: Physical sciencesAstronomy and AstrophysicsQuasarMaximum likelihood analysisAstrophysicsAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsRest frameGravitational microlensing01 natural sciencesAccretion discThin diskSpace and Planetary Science0103 physical sciencesAstrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics010303 astronomy & astrophysicsAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsAstrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
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Single-Ion Heat Engine at Maximum Power

2012

We propose an experimental scheme to realize a nanoheat engine with a single ion. An Otto cycle may be implemented by confining the ion in a linear Paul trap with tapered geometry and coupling it to engineered laser reservoirs. The quantum efficiency at maximum power is analytically determined in various regimes. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations of the engine are performed that demonstrate its feasibility and its ability to operate at a maximum efficiency of 30% under realistic conditions.

PhysicsCouplingMaximum power principleMonte Carlo methodGeneral Physics and AstronomyThermodynamicsOtto cycleQuantum efficiencyMechanicsIon trap530IonHeat engine
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Structure Determination by Electron Crystallography Using a Simulation Approach Combined with Maximum Entropy with the Aim of Improving Material Prop…

1997

Solving a crystal structure is only one of the many problems involved in the process of improving material properties. Because it is difficult to obtain large single crystals from most polymeric and many monomeric organic materials, it is essential to develop electron crystallography to make reliable crystal structure analysis possible.

PhysicsElectron diffraction patternChemical physicsElectron crystallographyScientific methodPrinciple of maximum entropyStructure (category theory)Physical chemistryCrystal structureMaterial properties
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A large proportional drift chamber with two-dimensional read-out

1976

Abstract The construction and performance of a large drift chamber are described, which has a sensitive area of 5 m2 and an average chamber thickness of 0.55 × 10−3 radiation lengths. Simultaneous sense wire- and high voltage read-out gives a good time correlation with ajitter of 2.0 ns fwhm. Measurements with a collimated radioactive α-sources resulted in a time resolution of 4.3 ns fwhm corresponding to a space resolution of 0.20 mm fwhm at the sense wire. The space resolution at the high voltage plane is about 25 mm fwhm.

PhysicsFull width at half maximumOpticsbusiness.industryPlane (geometry)High voltageTime resolutionGeneral MedicineSense (electronics)RadiationbusinessCollimated lightTime correlationNuclear Instruments and Methods
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A/V ratio as predicted by full width at half maximum and by blood vessel tracking in presence of ocular aberrations

2011

Aberrations impact A/V ratio calculated from full width at half maximum. We investigated whether aberrations affect A/V ratio calculated by tracking the vessels. Aberrations changed the A/V ratio. We conclude that aberrations impact A/V ratio.

PhysicsFull width at half maximummedicine.anatomical_structureOpticsIntraocular lensesbusiness.industrymedicineTracking (particle physics)businessAdaptive opticsBlood vesselScanning laser ophthalmoscopy
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STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS OF TWO PICOPHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS IN A REAL MARINE ECOSYSTEM

2013

A stochastic reaction-diffusion-taxis model is analyzed to get the stationary distribution along water column of two species of picophytoplankton, that is picoeukaryotes and Prochlorococcus. The model is valid for weakly mixed waters, typical of the Mediterranean Sea. External random fluctuations are considered by adding a multiplicative Gaussian noise to the dynamical equation of the nutrient concentration. The statistical tests show that shape and magnitude of the theoretical concentration profile exhibit a good agreement with the experimental findings. Finally, we study the effects of seasonal variations on picophytoplankton groups, including an oscillating term in the auxiliary equation…

PhysicsGeneral Physics and AstronomySpatial ecology; Marine ecosystems; Phytoplankton dynamics; Deep chlorophyll maximum; Random processes; Stochastic differential equationsRandom processeSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)OceanographyStochastic dynamicsMarine ecosystemStochastic differential equationsSpatial ecologyDeep chlorophyll maximumMarine ecosystemPhytoplankton dynamic
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HIGH-RESOLUTION FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY OF LANTHANUM IN Ar DISCHARGE IN THE NEAR-INFRARED

2013

A high-resolution spectrum of lanthanum has been recorded by a Fourier Transform spectrometer in the wavelength range from 833 nm to 1666 nm (6000 cm{sup –1} to 12,000 cm{sup –1}) using as light source a hollow cathode lamp operated with argon as the discharge carrier gas. In total, 2386 spectral lines were detected in this region, of which 555 lines could be classified as La I transitions and 10 lines as La II transitions. All La II transitions and 534 of these La I transitions were classified for the first time, and 6 of the La II transitions and 433 of the classified La I transitions appear to be new lines, which could not be found in the literature. The corresponding energy level data o…

PhysicsHollow-cathode lampArgonNear-infrared spectroscopyResolution (electron density)Analytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementAstronomy and AstrophysicsFourier transform spectroscopySpectral linelaw.inventionFull width at half maximumNuclear magnetic resonancechemistrySpace and Planetary SciencelawHyperfine structureThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
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