Search results for "medicine.drug_class"
showing 10 items of 2726 documents
Antimicrobial therapy in neonatal intensive care unit
2015
Severe infections represent the main cause of neonatal mortality accounting for more than one million neonatal deaths worldwide every year. Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed medications in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and in industrialized countries about 1% of neonates are exposed to antibiotic therapy. Sepsis has often nonspecific signs and symptoms and empiric antimicrobial therapy is promptly initiated in high risk of sepsis or symptomatic infants. However continued use of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in the setting of negative cultures especially in preterm infants may not be harmless. The benefits of antibiotic therapy when indicated are clearly enor…
Stability of Ascorbic Acid in Several Blood Collecting Procedures
2003
Purpose: There is good evidence that ascorbic acid (AA) status influences the onset of post-operative complications in intensive care patients. Light and room temperature cause the spontaneous oxidation of AA. Therefore, the stability of AA during modified sample preparation was investigated. Design: Prospective, single centre study. Methods: The AA plasma concentration was analysed in arterial and venous blood with added ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) from 165 subjects. In addition, EDTA or heparin was added as an anticoagulant in venous blood of 79 subjects. Analyses were carried out using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Results: In samples of…
Ezetimibe/Simvastatin 10/20 mg Versus Rosuvastatin 10 mg in High Risk Hypercholesterolemic Patients Stratified by Previous Statin Treatment Potency
2010
Objective: This post-hoc analysis compared the lipid-altering efficacy of Ezetimibe/Simvastatin 10/20 mg (EZ/Simva) versus Rosuvastatin 10 mg (Rosuva) in patients stratified by statin potency/dose prior to randomization. Methods: Patients with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) despite prior statin treatment (n = 618) were randomized 1:1 to EZ/Simva 10/20 mg or Rosuva 10 mg for 6 weeks. Percent change from baseline in lipids and attainment of lipid targets were assessed within each subgroup (low potency n = 369, high potency n = 249). Consistency of the treatment effect across subgroups was evaluated by testing for treatment-by-subgroup interaction. No multiplicity adjustm…
Knowledge Discovery from Microbiology Data: Many-Sided Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Nosocomial Infections
2005
Nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance (AR) are highly important problems that impact the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients as well as their cost of care. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate our analysis of AR by applying a number of various data mining (DM) techniques to real hospital data. The data for the analysis includes instances of sensitivity of nosocomial infections to antibiotics collected in a hospital over three years 2002-2004. The results of our study show that DM makes it easy for experts to inspect patterns that might otherwise be missed by usual (manual) infection control. However, the clinical relevance and utility of these findings await th…
OZONE IN THE TREATMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INFECTIONS
2018
Ozone, an antibacterial, has a spectrum of action which is bigger than any antibiotic known today. Very few bacteria can resist the onslaught of ozone and this is again dependent on the route of delivery of the ozone- oxygen mixture. Musculoskeletal infections, mainly chronic osteomyelitis and foot ulcers, were taken as criteria for study. Chronic osteomyelitis of the long bones, mainly the tibia was preferred as route of entry into the marrow cavity is easier. Foot ulcers, diabetic or trophic were selected on random basis. Graphic representation based on dimension and pictures taken on regular intervals were the criteria for evidence of healing. All cases were subjected to a short course o…
P343 Procalcitonin role in the management of lower respiratory tract infections in preschool children
2017
Introduction One of the major advantage of procalcitonin compared to other parameters is its highly and early increase in response to bacterial infection. The increased procalcitonin levels can be observed 3 to 6 hours after infectious challenge. It is a parameter that made a significant contribution to the clinical diagnosis, severity of infection and in the same time procalcitonin kinetics cand be used to assess the effectiveness of treatment. Methods A single- centre observational study consecutively enrolled 70 preschool children with lower respiratory tract infections who were hospitalised in Paediatric Clinic Hospital of Sibiu between January 2013 and January 2017. Procalcitonin, were…
Comparing medical treatments for Crohn’s disease
2013
The drugs available for inflammatory bowel disease are aminosalicylates, antibiotics, steroids, immunosuppressors and biologics. The effectiveness of these drugs has been evaluated in many randomized clinical trials, mainly versus placebo. Few studies have been conducted comparing the different drugs among themselves, owing to the methodological problems raised by comparative trials, such as sample size and blindness. This review focuses mainly on the randomized clinical trials that have compared different treatments. Of course comparisons are mainly between drugs used in a particular setting (mild, moderate and severe disease). However, on many occasions there is no homogeneity in these cl…
Klinische Relevanz der Anti-CEA-Immunszintigraphie mit dem99mTc-markierten monoklonalen Antikörper BW 431/26
1992
The results of 119 radioimmunoscintigraphies (RIS) in 113 patients with the 99mTc-labeled monoclonal anti-CEA-antibody BW 431/26 (Behring) have been analysed. The aim of our study was the estimation of the method's sensitivity and specificity under different aspects to find out for which indications and questions the 99mTc-RIS is useful. Colorectal primary tumours in 19 patients were scintigraphically detected with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 100%; 3 out of 7 other tumour sites were localised correctly. 55 patients were examined during the follow-up of colorectal cancer. There were 17 out of 22 true positive findings of local recurrences (sensitivity 77%, specificity 88%). Liv…
Patient perspectives in the management of asthma: improving patient outcomes through critical selection of treatment options
2010
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that requires long-term treatment, the goal of which is to control clinical symptoms for extended periods with the least possible amount of drugs. International guidelines recommend the addition of an inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) to a low- to medium-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) when low doses of ICS fail to control asthma symptoms. The fixed combined administration of ICS/LABA improves patient compliance, reducing the risk of therapy discontinuation. The relative deposition pattern of the inhaled drug to the target site is the result of a complex interaction between the device used, the aerosol formulation and the pat…
Deflazacort in Duchenne dystrophy: Study of long-term effect
1994
A randomized double-blind controlled trial of deflazacort was conducted in 28 Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients either treated with deflazacort 2.0 mg/kg alternate-day therapy or placebo. The deflazacort group showed significant improvement in climbing stairs (P < 0.01), in rising from a chair, Gower's maneuver, and walking (P < 0.0025) after 6 months of treatment. After 1 year, all the above changes remained significantly improved and the MRC index was significantly better (P < 0.05) in the treated group. After 2 years, a significant change was found in the MRC index: higher scores in walking, chair rising (P < 0.02), and grade and time of Gower's maneuver (P < 0.05) were found. The mea…