Search results for "methodology."
showing 10 items of 822 documents
Effects of temperature, pH and sugar concentration on the growth parameters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. kudriavzevii and their interspecific hybr…
2008
The effects of temperature, pH and sugar concentration (50% glucose + 50% fructose) on the growth parameters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae T73, S. kudriavzevii IFO 1802T and the hybrid strain S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii W27 were studied by means of response surface methodology based in a central composite circumscribed design. Lag phase could not be properly modelled in the wine model system, where yeasts started the fermentation in few hours after inoculation. In the case of the maximum specific growth rate (μ max), the temperature was the most important variable for three yeasts, although the effects of sugar concentration (in T73 and W27) and pH (W27 and 1802) were also significan…
Comparison of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and separate hydrolysis and fermentation processes for butanol production from rice straw
2020
Abstract Rice straw (RS) is one of the lignocellulosic wastes with the highest global production. The main objective of this study was to maximise the butanol production by Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6422 from RS pretreated by microwave-assisted hydrothermolysis. Two different fermentation strategies were compared: separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF, two-step process) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF, one-step process). In parallel, the variables that significantly affected the butanol production were screened by using fractional factorial designs. Butanol concentration and productivity at 48 h were, respectively, 8% and 173% higher in SSF than in SHF. A one-…
Indoor Air Quality including Respiratory Viruses
2021
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments is a cause of increasing concern. In this study, three sampling methodologies have been used in order to collect SARS-CoV-2 and 17 other respiratory viruses in indoor air, combined with a new analytical process to analyze respiratory viruses. Different areas of an ophthalmological hospital were investigated for the presence of these airborne viruses. Moreover, indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters (carbon dioxide, CO2; carbon monoxide, CO; nitrogen dioxide, NO2; volatile organic compounds, VOCs; formaldehyde, HCHO; and particulate matter, PM) have been examined to study the relationship between IAQ and airborne viruses. All indoor air and sur…
Negative pressure cavitation-microwave assisted preparation of extract of Pyrola incarnata Fisch. rich in hyperin, 2'-O-galloylhyperin and chimaphili…
2013
Abstract A novel and effective extraction method, namely negative pressure cavitation-microwave assisted extraction technique (NMAE), was developed for the preparation of extracts of Pyrola incarnata Fisch., which are rich in the main constituents hyperin, 2′-O-galloylhyperin and chimaphilin. Single factor experiments and Box–Behnken design (BBD) were combined with a response surface methodology to examine factors affecting extraction. Maximum extraction yields of hyperin, 2′-O-galloylhyperin and chimaphilin (1.339 ± 0.029, 4.831 ± 0.117 and 0.329 ± 0.011 mg/g, respectively) were achieved under the following optimised conditions: 700 W microwave power, 50 °C extraction temperature, 30:1 mL/…
Negative pressure cavitation accelerated processing for extraction of main bioactive flavonoids from Radix Scutellariae
2011
Abstract To enhance the extraction efficiency and reduce the energy consumption, an emerging technology named negative pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) has been shown to be a feasible option for the extraction of bioactive compounds in agricultural crops and medicinal plants. Meanwhile, it can be applied at the pilot scale as a manufacturing process for edible and medicinal plants. Currently, NPCE was proposed for extraction of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin from Radix Scutellariae on the basis of a central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). With proper optimization (80 mesh of particle size, 40 mL/g of liquid/solid ratio, 75% aqueous ethanol as…
La Valutazione delle Tecnologie Sanitarie. The Health Technology Assessment
2004
The aim of this paper was to describe exhaustively, but concisely, the matter of the health technology assessment. It is a method of evaluating health technologies based on principles and tools of Evidence Based Medicine. We started from etymology to speak about its definition and implementation methodology. Moreover we guide the reader throughout the constellation of international societies of health technology assessment and the meaning of their international cooperation. Finally, we deal with the health technology assessment as a tool being an integral part of the clinical governance process.
From Research on Dialogical Practice to Dialogical Research: Open Dialogue Is Based on a Continuous Scientific Analysis
2020
Open dialogue is based on systematic research since the very beginning of the development. In every new phase of the development and reorganization of the psychiatric organization, research was needed for both understanding the phenomenon of the therapeutic processes and detecting the outcome of the new approach. The research is “naturalistic” in the way that it takes place within the everyday – natural – clinical practice following what happens there. This means that the research designs do not change the clinical practice for the research, as so often done in empiristic clinical trials. The research employs “mixed method research” to identify all the possible elements of the object of the…
On the Efficiency of Affine Invariant Multivariate Rank Tests
1998
AbstractIn this paper the asymptotic Pitman efficiencies of the affine invariant multivariate analogues of the rank tests based on the generalized median of Oja are considered. Formulae for asymptotic relative efficiencies are found and, under multivariate normal and multivariatetdistributions, relative efficiencies with respect to Hotelling'sT2test are calculated.
Communication and PR from a Cross-Cultural Standpoint
2012
How should we approach cultural diversity in the workplace? Multinational corporations, transnational project teams and glocalised production and distribution processes raise challenging cultural issues for communication and PR professionals. Yet the complex nature of the communication processes involved means that existing models of cross-cultural or intercultural communication often seem inadequate to allow researchers or professionals get to grips with the complexity of the interactions encountered. This book aims to pinpoint and address the apparent limits of many traditional intercultural communi-cation research methods, when they are applied to real situations in the hybrid and cosmop…
Comprensió de la lectura en alumnes d'ensenyament secundari
2006
Aquest treball es planteja per conèixer més de primera mà la comprensió i assimilació de textos escrits, en alumnes de l'actual ensenyament secundari. La mostra emprada va ser de 28 alumnes entre 14 i 20 anys, de 3r d'ESO i COU majoritàriament, de l'Institut d'Ensenyament Secundari «Alameda de Osuna» de Madrid. Els resultats obtinguts en aquest estudi indiquen que, en els lectors de menor edat els processos de lectura són més simples i en alguns casos incomplets, mentre que els lectors de major edat fan una lectura que implica processos cognitius més complexos, adequats i profunds.