Search results for "methods"

Diversification in evolutionary arenas - assessment and synthesis

2019

Abstract Understanding how and why rates of evolutionary diversification vary is a central issue in evolutionary biology and ecology. The concept of adaptive radiation has attracted much interest, but is metaphorical and verbal in nature, making it difficult to quantitatively compare different evolutionary lineages or geographic regions. In addition, the causes of evolutionary stasis are relatively neglected. Here we review the central concepts in the evolutionary diversification literature and bring these together by proposing a general framework for estimating rates of diversification and quantifying their underlying dynamics, which can be applied across clades and regions and across spat…

Improving the Effect of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS): A Systematic Review

2021

With the development of electrical stimulation technology, traditional transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) technology has been found to have the drawback of not targeting a specific area accurately. Studies have shown that optimizing the number and position of electrodes during electrical stimulation has a very good effect on enhancing brain stimulation accuracy. At present, an increasing number of laboratories have begun to optimize tACS. However, there has been no study summarizing the optimization methods of tACS. Determining whether different optimization methods are effective and the optimization approach could provide information that could guide future tACS research. …

Nowa szkolna polonistyka czy powrót do źródeł? Rozważania o kształceniu literackim we współczesnej szkole

2018

Pytanie o „starą" i „nową" polonistykę szkolną jest wciąż aktualne. Pojawia się w wielu dyskusjach na temat polonistycznego kształcenia. Namysł nad nim prowadzi do kilku spostrzeżeń: uczenie literatury, uczenie odbioru tekstu zasadza się na wartościach stałych i niezbywalnych; jest procesem; stwarza czytelnika, ale przede wszystkim człowieka. Cele formacyjne są ważne i nie da się ich zastąpić modnymi hasłami, tak jak nie da się odejść od rozumnego czytania, odbioru tekstu. Można wykorzystywać jedynie metody bliższe uczniowi, „nowe" lub "przenicowane", dostosowane do danego czasu. Polonistyczny warsztat może być wzbogacony o nowe narzędzia. Jednak podstawowy „korpus" ma charakter ponadczasow…

Language teacher identities as socio-politically situated construction : Finnish and Brazilian student teachers’ visualisations of their professional…

2021

The process of envisioning the future is central to teachers’ identity construction, but different environments create distinct sociocultural conditions for the process. This qualitative study drawing on visual-textual methods compares Finnish and Brazilian student teachers’ desired and feared professional futures. Two different perspectives on future identities were detected: a desire for status and a desire for meaningfulness. The results revealed the radically different social status of teaching in the two countries and the role this played in the envisioned identities. The study highlights the importance of awareness of the socio-political nature of identity construction in developing t…

Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos at the Pierre Auger Observatory

2013

The observation of ultrahigh energy neutrinos (UHE nu s) has become a priority in experimental astroparticle physics. UHE nu s can be detected with a variety of techniques. In particular, neutrinos can interact in the atmosphere (downward-going nu) or in the Earth crust (Earth-skimming nu), producing air showers that can be observed with arrays of detectors at the ground. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can detect these types of cascades. The distinguishing signature for neutrino events is the presence of very inclined showers produced close to the ground (i.e., after having traversed a large amount of atmosphere). In this work we review the procedure and …

Human conceptualisation processes as a perspective on the design and evaluation of user-interfaces

2013

Enhancing upper secondary students’ engagement and learning through the INTERACT online, video-based teacher coaching intervention : Protocol for a m…

2022

This protocol outlines a mixed-methods cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) in upper secondary schools that will investigate how video-based online coaching can support teachers’ competences in teacher-student interactions (TSIs) and thereby improve student engagement and learning. The intervention will take place over a school year with at least 100 teachers and 2,000 of their students. During the implementation and one-year follow-up, we will conduct an extensive implementation and process evaluation (IPE) to understand the intervention's effects on TSI and student engagement and learning outcomes. This protocol outlines the background, design, intervention, and primary and secondar…

Female reproductive factors are associated with objectively measured physical activity in middle-aged women

2017

Physical activity improves health and may delay the onset of several chronic diseases. For women in particular, the rate of these diseases accelerates at middle age; therefore it is important to identify the determinants of health-enhancing physical activity during midlife in this population. In this study, we focused on determinants that are unique to the female sex, such as childbearing and menopause. The main objective was to characterize the level of physical activity and differences between active and inactive middle-aged Finnish women. In addition, we examined the association of physical activity with female reproductive factors at midlife. The study population consisted of 647 women …

From Analysis to Formulation of Strategies for Farm Advisory Services (Case Study: Valencia – Spain). an Application through Swot and Qspm Matrix

2019

Abstract European agriculture should meet new increasing internal and contextual challenges. For example, the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy in 2003 introduced the cross-compliance, among other novelties, as compulsory for farmers. To better meet this and other requirements, Member States had to set up the so-called Farm Advisory System, operational across the European Union in 2007. From a sample of actors involved in the provision of farm advisory services in the region of Valencia (Spain), the present study aimed to identify the most appropriate strategies to implement such services. SWOT method has been applied to examine the internal and external environment. Based on this di…

Survey data for the validation of a perceived visual usability (PVU) measurement

2022

This dataset is part of a publication (Differentiating Perceived Usability from Aesthetics in Visual Experience – Validation of a Perceived Visual Usability Measurement). Data concerning confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) utilised in the measurement validation is freely available. Data for the CFA was collected via Prolific, an online survey platform. Thirty-three different surveys were created with the Webropol survey tool, all with different stimulus. Participants (N = 330) answered to the 33 surveys (161 female, 163 male, age range = 18-53, M = 25.8, SD = 7.0). The CFA dataset contains variables of Participant id, Stimulus, Age, Gender, Country, Native-English, and survey scales comprise…