Search results for "methylation"
showing 10 items of 607 documents
Streptomyces coelicolor: DNA methylation and differentiation - Palermo 27-06-2014
2014
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification regulating many aspects of biological processes. DNA cytosine methylation plays mainly a regulatory role in chromatin organization, genome maintenance and gene expression in eukaryotes, while its role has not been deeply investigated in prokaryotes. Differently, DNA adenine methylation regulates chromosome replication, DNA repair, transposition of insertion elements in prokaryotes, while it is supposed to have exclusively a role in regulating gene expression and DNA replication in mitochondria. Streptomyces coelicolor is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium that exhibits a complex life cycle, with three different cell types (unigenomic spores…
DNA METHYLATION PROFILING MIGHT SHED LIGHT ON THE BIOLOGY OF CANNABIS ASSOCIATED PSYCHOSIS
2019
Functional correlation of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in genetic neurodevelopmental disorders
2022
An expanding range of genetic syndromes are characterized by genome-wide disruptions in DNA methylation profiles referred to as episignatures. Episignatures are distinct, highly sensitive and specific biomarkers that have recently been applied in clinical diagnosis of genetic syndromes. Episignatures are contained within the broader disorder-specific genome-wide DNA methylation changes which can share significant overlap amongst different conditions. In this study we performed functional genomic assessment and comparison of disorder-specific and overlapping genome-wide DNA methylation changes related to 65 genetic syndromes with previously described episignatures. We demonstrate evidence of…
Editorial: Zebrafish Epigenetics.
2022
A key area of focus in the field of epigenetics pertains the comprehension of the functional relevance of the epigenetic mechanisms occurring during embryogenesis to shape normal developmental trajectories and adult phenotypes (Atlasi and Stunnenberg, 2017; Skvortsova et al., 2018; Cavalieri, 2021; Marchione et al., 2021). Several lines of evidence highlighted that the small freshwater cyprinid Danio rerio, commonly known as zebrafish, is an excellent vertebrate model for research purposes in the field of epigenetics (Huang et al., 2013; Balasubramanian et al., 2019; Horsfield, 2019; Cavalieri, 2020). The general strengths of zebrafish over concurrent models are well known: ease of husbandr…
An ecologist’s guide for studying DNA methylation variation in wild vertebrates
2022
The field of molecular biology is advancing fast with new powerful technologies, sequencing methods and analysis software being developed constantly. Commonly used tools originally developed for research on humans and model species are now regularly used in ecological and evolutionary research. There is also a growing interest in the causes and consequences of epigenetic variation in natural populations. Studying ecological epigenetics is currently challenging, especially for vertebrate systems, because of the required technical expertise, complications with analyses and interpretation, and limitations in acquiring sufficiently high sample sizes. Importantly, neglecting the limitations of t…
The role of blood DNA methylation in environment-related chronic disease: a biostatistical toolkit
2013
La epigenética se refiere al estudio de las marcas químicas que alteran la expresión génica sin cambiar la secuencia genética. Los factores ambientales y conductuales son conocidos modificadores de la epigenética, resultando así en cambios heredables que pueden dar lugar a alteraciones en procesos biológicos esenciales y, por consiguiente, al desarrollo de enfermedades. La metilación del ADN es la marca epigenética más estudiada. Existe amplia evidencia científica de la asociación entre factores ambientales tales como tabaco y metales, y desregulaciones en la metilación del ADN. Asimismo, existe amplia evidencia de la asociación entre desregulaciones en metilación del ADN y enfermedades cró…
The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor JAHA Down-Regulates pERK and Global DNA Methylation in MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells
2015
The histone deacetylase inhibitor N-1-(ferrocenyl)-N-8-hydroxyoctanediamide (JAHA) down-regulates extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and its activated form in triple-negative MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells after 18 h and up to 30 h of treatment, and to a lesser extent AKT and phospho-AKT after 30 h and up to 48 h of treatment. Also, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), 3b and, to a lesser extent, 3a, downstream ERK targets, were down-regulated already at 18 h with an increase up to 48 h of exposure. Methylation-sensitive restriction arbitrarily-primed (MeSAP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed the ability of JAHA to induce genome-wide DNA hypomethylation at 48 h of expos…
Comprehensive DNA methylation analysis of the Aedes aegypti genome
2016
AbstractAedes aegypti mosquitoes are important vectors of viral diseases. Mosquito host factors play key roles in virus control and it has been suggested that dengue virus replication is regulated by Dnmt2-mediated DNA methylation. However, recent studies have shown that Dnmt2 is a tRNA methyltransferase and that Dnmt2-dependent methylomes lack defined DNA methylation patterns, thus necessitating a systematic re-evaluation of the mosquito genome methylation status. We have now searched the Ae. aegypti genome for candidate DNA modification enzymes. This failed to reveal any known (cytosine-5) DNA methyltransferases, but identified homologues for the Dnmt2 tRNA methyltransferase, the Mettl4 (…
Contribution of CYP3A5 to the in vitro hepatic clearance of tacrolimus.
2005
Abstract Background: Tacrolimus is metabolized predominantly to 13-O-demethyltacrolimus in the liver and intestine by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). Patients with high concentrations of CYP3A5, a CYP3A isoenzyme polymorphically produced in these organs, require higher doses of tacrolimus, but the exact mechanism of this association is unknown. Methods: cDNA-expressed CYP3A enzymes and a bank of human liver microsomes with known CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 content were used to investigate the contribution of CYP3A5 to the metabolism of tacrolimus to 13-O-demethyltacrolimus as quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Demethylation of tacrolimus to 13-O-demethyltacrolimus was …
The Rate and Molecular Spectrum of Spontaneous Mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana
2010
Evolution in Action Rates of evolution in gene and genome sequences have been estimated, but these estimates are subject to error because many of the steps of evolution over the ages are not directly measurable or are hidden under subsequent changes. Ossowski et al. (p. 92 ) now provide a more accurate measurement of how often spontaneous mutations arise in a nuclear genome. Mutations arising over 30 generations were compared by sequencing DNA from individual Arabidopsis thaliana plants. UV- and deamination-induced mutagenesis appeared to bias the type of mutations found.