Search results for "microRNA."

Exploring new ways of regulation by resveratrol involving miRNAs, with emphasis on inflammation

2015

This review presents recent evidence implicating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the beneficial effects of resveratrol (trihydroxystilbene), a nonflavonoid plant polyphenol, with emphasis on its anti-inflammatory effects. Many diseases and pathologies have been linked, directly or indirectly, to inflammation. These include infections, injuries, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer, osteoarthritis, age-related macular degeneration, demyelination, and neurodegenerative diseases. Resveratrol can both decrease the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and increase the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines; it also decreases the expression of adhesion prot…

Novel circulating microRNA signature as a potential non-invasive multi-marker test in ER-positive early-stage breast cancer:A case control study

2014

Introduction There are currently no highly sensitive and specific minimally invasive biomarkers for detection of early‐stage breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are present in the circulation and may be unique biomarkers for early diagnosis of human cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression of miRNAs in the serum of breast cancer patients and healthy controls. Methods Global miRNA analysis was performed on serum from 48 patients with ER‐positive early‐stage breast cancer obtained at diagnosis (24 lymph node‐positive and 24 lymph node‐negative) and 24 age‐matched healthy controls using LNA‐based quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). A signature of miRNAs was…

The Genetics of Breast Cancer

2009

Breast cancer (BC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease caused by interaction of both genetic and nongenetic risk factors. The biological diversity of sporadic BCs consists in the development of several BC subtypes, which are systematically different from one another and which present specific genetic and phenotypic features. Recently, with the advent of cDNA microarrays it has been possible to associate a distinctive “molecular portrait” to a single BC subtype and, consequently, improve BC taxonomy. From a clinical point of view, the gene expression profiles could supply the classic pathological experiment with the aim to select patients with a better prognosis and that could have a bene…

A ceRNA approach may unveil unexpected contributors to deletion syndromes, the model of 5q- syndrome.

2015

In genomic deletions, gene haploinsufficiency might directly configure a specific disease phenotype. Nevertheless, in some cases no functional association can be identified between haploinsufficient genes and the deletion-associated phenotype. Transcripts can act as microRNA sponges. The reduction of transcripts from the hemizygous region may increase the availability of specific microRNAs, which in turn may exert in-trans regulation of target genes outside the deleted region, eventually contributing to the phenotype. Here we prospect a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) approach for the identification of candidate genes target of epigenetic regulation in deletion syndromes. As a model, we an…

MicroRNAs and cellular phenotypy.

2010

This Essay explores the notion that specialized cells have unique vulnerabilities to environmental contingencies that microRNAs help to counteract. Given the ease with which new microRNAs evolve, they may serve as ideal facilitators for the emergence of new cell types.

Abstract 4479: Unveiling the relationship between the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and noncoding RNAs

2016

Abstract Chromatin remodeling complexes are crucial for the viability of the cells due to their role in regulating interactions between DNA and histones and, therefore, modifying the accessibility of the genetic information to the transcriptional machinery. This relevance can also been seen in the SWI/SNF complex that has been associated with cancer in the last deep-sequencing efforts on tumoral genomes. BRG1 is the helicase/ATPase catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complex and it is frequently lost in NSCLC cell lines with a high mutation rate. In primary tumors, the loss of expression of BRG1 is also frequent, however it cannot be explained by mutations or by promoter hypermethylation. In t…

2014

Genetic factors underlie a substantial proportion of individual differences in cognitive functions in humans, including processes related to episodic and working memory. While genetic association studies have proposed several candidate "memory genes", these currently explain only a minor fraction of the phenotypic variance. Here, we performed genome-wide screening on 13 episodic and working memory phenotypes in 1,318 participants of the Berlin Aging Study II aged 60 years or older. The analyses highlight a number of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with memory performance, including one located in a putative regulatory region of microRNA (miRNA) hsa-mir-138-5p (rs9882…

<i>MYC</i> Dosage Compensation is Mediated by miRNA-Transcription Factor Interactions in Aneuploid Cancer

2021

Cancer complexity is consequence of genomic instability leading to aneuploidy. We hypothesize that dosage compensation of critical genes arise from systems-level properties for cancer cells to withstand the negative effects of aneuploidy. We developed a computational platform to identify a network of miRNAs and transcription factors interacting with candidate dosage-compensated genes using NCI-60 multi-omic data. We next constructed a mathematical model where the property of dosage compensation emerged for MYC and STAT3 and was dependent on the kinetic parameters of their feedback and feed-forward interactions with four miRNAs. We developed a genetic tug-of-war approach by overexpressing an…

MYC dosage compensation is mediated by miRNA-transcription factor interactions in aneuploid cancer

2021

SummaryWe hypothesize that dosage compensation of critical genes arises from systems-level properties for cancer cells to withstand the negative effects of aneuploidy. We identified several candidate genes in cancer multi-omics data and developed a biocomputational platform to construct a mathematical model of their interaction network with miRNAs and transcription factors, where the property of dosage compensation emerged for MYC and was dependent on the kinetic parameters of its feedback interactions with three micro-RNAs. These circuits were experimentally validated with a novel genetic tug-of-war technique by overexpressing an exogenous MYC leading to over-expression of the three microR…

Aging Successfully: The Role of Genetics and Environment in the Era of the Aging-Boom. Potential Therapeutic Implications

2019

Aging is one of the main health-related challenges in the world. The average life expectancy of the global population at birth is increasing up to 72 years, in 2016 and it increases about two years every decade. The healthcare costs in many countries are very high because of the increased number of unhealthy populations, and the consequent increase of severe age-related disabilities [1]. Therefore, the goal of the future should be the achievement of the so-called “health-span” (healthy-life-span), more than the treatment of age-related disease to prevent the collapse of the health system. In order to achieve this objective, it is necessary to identify new targets and biomarkers and to addre…