Search results for "microRNA."

Molecular signature of Epstein Barr virus-positive Burkitt lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder suggest different roles for Epst…

2014

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection is commonly associated with human cancer and, in particular, with lymphoid malignancies. Although the precise role of the virus in the pathogenesis of different lymphomas is largely unknown, it is well recognized that the expression of viral latent proteins and miRNA can contribute to its pathogenetic role. In this study, we compared the gene and miRNA expression profile of two EBV-associated aggressive B non-Hodgkin lymphomas known to be characterized by differential expression of the viral latent proteins aiming to dissect the possible different contribution of such proteins and EBV-encoded miRNAs. By applying extensive bioinformatic inferring and an exp…

Molecular dissection of human Argonaute proteins by DNA shuffling.

2013

A paramount task in RNA interference research is to decipher the complex biology of cellular effectors, exemplified in humans by four pleiotropic Argonaute proteins (Ago1-Ago4). Here, we exploited DNA family shuffling, a molecular evolution technology, to generate chimeric Ago protein libraries for dissection of intricate phenotypes independently of prior structural knowledge. Through shuffling of human Ago2 and Ago3, we discovered two N-terminal motifs that govern RNA cleavage in concert with the PIWI domain. Structural modeling predicts an impact on protein rigidity and/or RNA-PIWI alignment, suggesting new mechanistic explanations for Ago3's slicing deficiency. Characterization of hybrid…

Monitoring of microRNA using molecular beacons approaches: Recent advances

2020

Abstract Micro ribose nucleic acid (miRNA) recognition is of remarkable significance in the investigation of its functions as well as diagnosis of various diseases. The significance of miRNA itself is owing to the complex regulatory roles in several physiological processes and its close association with important diseases such as cardiovascular problems, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and different kinds of cancers. On the other hand, there are numerous challenges to conquer in the recognition of miRNA, consisting of low abundance, varied concentration range, small size, prolonged extraction process from cells and sequence resemblances. Traditional approaches for miRNA recognition do not mee…

Exosome basic mechanisms

2020

Abstract Cell-cell communication plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis in multicellular organism. Cells communicate each other not only via the canonical pathways (cytokines, neurotransmitters, direct contact, ECM-mediated interactions or hormones) but also releasing extracellular vesicles that can reach different regions of the organism acting as a new “endocrine signalling mechanism”. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes are emerging as efficient players to modulate target cells phenotype through the delivery to compliant receiving cells of a multitude of molecules such as mRNAs, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, DNA, lipids, metabolites and proteins. A deeper understanding of thei…

Vertebrate Hedgehog is secreted on two types of extracellular vesicles with different signaling properties

2014

Hedgehog (Hh) is a secreted morphogen that elicits differentiation and patterning in developing tissues. Multiple proposed mechanisms to regulate Hh dispersion includes lipoprotein particles and exosomes. Here we report that vertebrate Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is secreted on two types of extracellular-vesicles/exosomes, from human cell lines and primary chick notochord cells. Although largely overlapping in size as estimated from electron micrographs, the two exosomal fractions exhibited distinct protein and RNA composition. We have probed the functional properties of these vesicles using cell-based assays of Hh-elicited gene expression. Our results suggest that while both Shh-containing exo-ve…

Mir-661: A key Factor in Embryo-Maternal dialog With Potential Clinical Application to Predict Implantation Outcome?

2015

Implantation resulting in a full-term pregnancy is, by large, more than a passive process in which the developed conceptus is passively glued to the uterus through adhesive molecules. It is the result of a perfectly orchestrated dialog between a viable embryo and a receptive endometrium, through a mixture of paracrine and juxtacrine processes in which many key proteins and growth factors play fundamental roles (Pellicer et al., 2002.) Since their discovery, microRNAs have become prominent regulatory candidates, providing missing links for a few biological pathways in this process, although their exact role in human normal embryo formation and endometrial preparation for pregnancy remains un…

Micro-RNA regulation of the angiogenic response in the diabetic retina

2020

Extracellular Membrane Vesicles as Vehicles for Brain Cell-to-Cell Interactions in Physiological as well as Pathological Conditions.

2015

Extracellular vesicles are involved in a great variety of physiological events occurring in the nervous system, such as cross talk among neurons and glial cells in synapse development and function, integrated neuronal plasticity, neuronal-glial metabolic exchanges, and synthesis and dynamic renewal of myelin. Many of these EV-mediated processes depend on the exchange of proteins, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs, which occurs among glial and neuronal cells. In addition, production and exchange of EVs can be modified under pathological conditions, such as brain cancer and neurodegeneration. Like other cancer cells, brain tumours can use EVs to secrete factors, which allow escaping…

P-01MicroRNA PROFILING IDETIFY NEW REGULATORY GENES IN ETHANOL-INDUCED NEUROINFLAMMATION AND BRAIN DAMAGE THROUGH TLR4 RECEPTORS

2015

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein coding RNA regulating the transcription and translation of other RNA and are involved in several diseases and disorders, including neurodegeneration. We aim to evaluate the impact of miRNAs in the regulation of ethanol-induced neuro-inflammation and brain damage and to assess the potential role of miRNAs …

miR379-410 cluster miRNAs regulate neurogenesis and neuronal migration by fine-tuning N-cadherin

2014

N-cadherin-mediated adhesion is essential for maintaining the tissue architecture and stem cell niche in the developing neocortex. N-cadherin expression level is precisely and dynamically controlled throughout development; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of protein expression and subcellular localisation. In this study, we show that three miRNAs belonging to the miR379–410 cluster regulate N-cadherin expression levels in neural stem cells and migrating neurons. The overexpression of these three miRNAs in radial glial cells repressed N-cadherin expression and increased neural stem cell different…