Search results for "microbial community"

Comparison of different tillage systems in organic farming : effect of soil structure and organic matter repartition on soil micro-organisms and thei…

2009

Over the last decades, the surface traditionally ploughed has tended to decrease and replaced by shallow working tillage techniques without soil inversion, i.e., no tillage or reduced tillage with tines or discs. These techniques were mostly developed in conventional farming systems but nowadays they are also developed in organic farming systems. Nevertheless, these tillage techniques could generate crop nutrients deficiencies and a deterioration of soil structure, especially during the first years of their application. As the use of synthetic fertilizers is forbidden in organic farming, a decrease of the soil fertility could be very detrimental for crop growth. Indeed, soil micro-organisms…

Caractérisation des communautés microbiennes dans les technosols construits pour la restauration des friches industrielles

2012

Increasing soil degradation and its consequences on overall ecosystem services urge for restoration strategies. Construction of Technosols through assemblage of treated soil and industrial wastes is an innovative technology for the restoration of polluted land and re-use of industrial by-products. Recent studies have evidenced that Technosols could support ecosystemic services such as primary production but the knowledge about other soil functions, such as biogeochemical cycling, is limited. Due to the significant contribution of microbial communities to soil functioning, this PhD work was carried out to study the effect of the type of Technosol on microbial communities with a focus on func…

SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY: STATE OF THE ART AND IMPORTANCE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES FOR FRENCH AGRICULTURAL SOILS

2022

Soils are one of the major reservoirs of biological diversity on our planet, hosting a huge diversity of microorganisms. Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of microbial diversity in soil functions, such as nutrient cycling or pathogen management. Given the key role of soil microorganisms in the regulation of soil ecosystem functions, the environmental factors driving soil microbial diversity need to be understood. In France, we have the opportunity to benefit from a national soil survey (called the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network), which represents one of the most extensive and without a priori soil sampling survey available to date. Through several funded projects, we were …

Bridging microbial community ecology and nitrogen cycling in soil

2011

Pas de résumé

Assemblage, structuration et évolution des communautés microbiennes terrestres

2020

Mapping, understanding and predicting soil microbial diversity across France

2018

International audience; Microorganisms are extremely abundant and diverse in soils. Their huge diversity is central in soil functioning regarding the diversity of functions it supports (mineralization, detoxification, stability of soil…) and is more and more studied, especially in a context of increasing pressure on soil resources. Conversely to macroorganisms whose distribution on a wide scale has been studied for over a century, spatial scaling and determinism distribution of soil microorganisms on nationwide scale still needs to be documented, notably to decipher the environmental filters shaping these communities. communities were investigated at the scale of France to characterize thei…

Abundance of NARG, NIRK and NOSZ genes of denirifying bacteria during primary successions of a glacier foreland

2007

Search for biological signature of the degradation of chlordecone in soil of the French West Indies

2015

The use of chlordecone (CLD) to eradicate the weevil populations in the banana plantations in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique) between 1972 and 1993 led to the contamination of the soil and the environment. This very hydrophobic organochlorine insecticide persists in the soil where it slowly transfers not only to the water resources but also to terrestrial and aquatic biota (plants, animals, fishes, shellfishes). Deemed “non-degradable”, CLD is resistant to photolysis, hydrolysis and biodegradation. To date, there is no method to remediate the 20,000 hectares of polluted soil with this insecticide. Given the extent of CLD pollution, biological decontamination processes app…

Ecological role of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium graminearum : consequences of the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in crop residues on the soil mi…

2012

Fusarium graminearum is a plant pathogenic fungus, causing devastating disease “Fusarium head blight” (FHB) in cereals including wheat and maize. It also contaminates the grains with mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON) which are toxic to human and animals. This disease has resulted in the serious losses in grain yield and quality. We established through a first bibliographic review that during off season fungus survives saprophytically on the crop residues (ecological habitat) and serves as primary inoculum for the next season crop. However, we noticed also that the literature was poor about the role mycotoxins could play in the establishment of F. graminearum in such a habitat. The m…

Effects of precipitation regime on soil bacterial and fungal activity upon rewetting of a plant-soil system using 18O-SIP: depth matters

2017

EASPEBIOmEDOCT INRA; Climate change is predicted to affect not only the amount but also the temporal distribution of rain. Changes in frequency and amplitude of rain events, likely shape the activity of plants and soil microbes. Fluctuating water conditions will differ with soil depth between precipitation patterns, affecting plant growth and may result in differential microbial response upon rewetting. Our objective was to investigate, in plant-soil systems, the response of the metabolically active microbial communities to a rewetting event and to which extent this was modulated by 1) soil depth and 2) precipitation legacy. Wheat planted in soil mesocosms were subjected to frequent or infr…