Search results for "microbiome."
showing 10 items of 390 documents
Microbiome of the sexual scent organ of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
2016
Microorganisms are tightly bounded to the animals on Earth. Bacteria, among other types of microbes, interact with their hosts in several ways regarding metabolic pathways, development, complex behavioral processes such as mate recognition, among others. The adult males of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, a nectarivorous bat, develop an interscapular odoriferous patch during the mating season. Here we present a description of the microbiota associated to this sebaceous patch 11 adult males, and studied it in terms of their taxonomical information. The variability between samples was not relevant to this study, and the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with dominanting classe…
Out of sight : Profiling soil characteristics, nutrients and bacterial communities affected by organic amendments down to one meter in a long-term ma…
2019
Common soil characteristics, nutrients and microbial activity at deeper soil depths are topics seldom covered in agricultural studies. Biogeochemical cycles in deep soils are not yet fully understood. This study investigates the effect of different mineral and organic fertilisation on soil organic matter dynamics, nutrients and bacterial community composition in the first meter of the soil profiles in the long-term maize cropping system experiment Tetto Frati, near the Po River in northern Italy. The following treatments have been applied since 1992: 1) crop residue removal (CRR), 2) crop residue incorporation (CRI), 3) crop residue removal with bovine slurry fertilisation (SLU), 4) crop re…
Effects of HIV, antiretroviral therapy and prebiotics on the active fraction of the gut microbiota
2018
In a recent blinded randomized study, we found that in HIV-infected individuals a short supplementation with prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS/glutamine) ameliorates dysbiosis of total gut bacteria, particularly among viremic untreated patients. Our study goal was to determine the fraction of the microbiota that becomes active during the intervention and that could provide additional functional information.A total of six healthy individuals, and 16 HIV-infected patients comprising viremic untreated patients (n = 5) and antiretroviral therapy-treated patients that are further divided into immunological responders (n = 7) and immunological nonresponders (n = 4) completed the 6-week course of prebiotic …
Bronchial microbiome, PA biofilm-forming capacity and exacerbation in severe COPD patients colonized by P. aeruginosa
2017
Aim: The bronchial microbiome of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify differences related to biofilm-forming capacity. Patients & methods: Patient sputum samples from 21 patients were studied. Results: Statistically significant differences related to biofilm-forming capacity were only found for genera with relative abundances <1%, and Fusobacterium was over-represented when biofilm-forming capacity was high. Genera with relative abundances >50% which increased from baseline were observed in 10/14 exacerbations, but corresponded to Pseudomonas only in three episodes, while …
Microbiome symbionts and diet diversity incur costs on the immune system of insect larvae
2017
Communities of symbiotic microorganisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in food digestion and protection against opportunistic microbes. Diet diversity increases the number of symbionts in the intestines, a benefit that is considered to impose no cost for the host organism. However, less is known about the possible immunological investments that hosts have to make in order to control the infections caused by symbiont populations that increase due to diet diversity. By using taxonomical composition analysis of the 16S rRNA V3 region, we show that Enterococci are the dominating group of bacteria in the midgut of the larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mell…
Geographical separation and physiology drive differentiation of microbial communities of two discrete populations of the bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
2020
In this paper, we explore how two discrete and geographically separated populations of the lesser long‐nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae)—one in central and the other in the Pacific region of Mexico—differ in their fecal microbiota composition. Considering the microbiota–host as a unity, in which extrinsic (as food availability and geography) or intrinsic factors (as physiology) play an important role in the microbiota composition, we would expect differentiation in the microbiota of two geographically separated populations. The Amplicon Sequences Variants (ASVs) of the V4 region of the 16s rRNA gene from 68 individuals were analyzed using alpha and beta diversity metrics. We obtained a …
The respiratory microbiome in bronchial mucosa and secretions from severe IgE-mediated asthma patients
2017
Altres ajuts: This work was supported by Fundació Catalana de Neumología (FUCAP) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias(CIBERES). CIBERES is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The bronchial microbiome in chronic lung diseases presents an abnormal pattern, but its microbial composition and regional differences in severe asthma have not been sufficiently addressed. The aim of the study was to describe the bacterial community in bronchial mucosa and secretions of patients with severe chronic asthma chronically treated with corticosteroids in addition to usual care according to Global Initiative for Asthma. Bacterial community composition was…
Bronchial microbiome of severe COPD patients colonised by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2014
The bronchial microbiome in severe COPD during stability and exacerbation in patients chronically colonised by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), has not been defined. Our objective was to determine the characteristics of the bronchial microbiome of severe COPD patients colonised and not colonised by P. aeruginosa and its changes during exacerbation. COPD patients with severe disease and frequent exacerbations were categorised according to chronic colonisation by P. aeruginosa. Sputum samples were obtained in stability and exacerbation, cultured, and analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplification and pyrosequencing. Sixteen patients were included, 5 of them showing chronic colonisation by P. aeruginosa.…
Metatranscriptomic Approach to Analyze the Functional Human Gut Microbiota
2011
The human gut is the natural habitat for a large and dynamic bacterial community that has a great relevance for health. Metagenomics is increasing our knowledge of gene content as well as of functional and genetic variability in this microbiome. However, little is known about the active bacteria and their function(s) in the gastrointestinal tract. We performed a metatranscriptomic study on ten healthy volunteers to elucidate the active members of the gut microbiome and their functionality under conditions of health. First, the microbial cDNAs obtained from each sample were sequenced using 454 technology. The analysis of 16S transcripts showed the phylogenetic structure of the active microbi…
Instability of the faecal microbiota in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
2013
The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder with a largely unknown aetiology and a wide range of symptoms. Most cross-sectional studies carried out so far suggest subtle alterations in the structure of the intestinal microbiota that are barely reproduced, partly because of the high inter-subject variation in the community composition and disorder-specific features. We performed a longitudinal study to explore the within-subject variation in the faecal microbiota in two patients with IBS classified into the diarrhoea subtype and the healthy spouse of one of them. Faecal communities were monitored over 6-8 weeks and analysed through metagenomic and metatranscr…