Search results for "microbiome"
showing 10 items of 395 documents
Interest of studying the saliva metabolome, transcriptome and microbiome in screening for pancreatic cancer
2019
Abstract Introduction Pancreatic cancer is a public health problem because its mortality rate is close to its incidence rate. If it were possible to detect this cancer before the onset of symptoms, 5-year survival could reach 75%. Numerous studies have attempted to accelerate the diagnosis to improve survival. Saliva presents interesting characteristics as a fluid for screening and diagnosis. Its many components provide a promising source of constitutive biomarkers with a specific signature of the disease. The aim of this work was to determine the interest of studying the metabolome, the transcriptome and the microbiome of saliva in screening for pancreatic cancer. Materials and methods A r…
Mining virulence genes using metagenomics.
2011
When a bacterial genome is compared to the metagenome of an environment it inhabits, most genes recruit at high sequence identity. In free-living bacteria (for instance marine bacteria compared against the ocean metagenome) certain genomic regions are totally absent in recruitment plots, representing therefore genes unique to individual bacterial isolates. We show that these Metagenomic Islands (MIs) are also visible in bacteria living in human hosts when their genomes are compared to sequences from the human microbiome, despite the compartmentalized structure of human-related environments such as the gut. From an applied point of view, MIs of human pathogens (e.g. those identified in enter…
The importance of environmental microbes for Drosophila melanogaster during seasonal macronutrient variability
2021
AbstractExperiments manipulating the nutritional environment and the associated microbiome of animals have demonstrated their importance for key fitness components. However, there is little information on how macronutrient composition and bacterial communities in natural food sources vary across seasons in nature and on how these factors affect the fitness components of insects. In this study, diet samples from an orchard compost heap, which is a natural habitat for many Drosophila species and other arthropods, were collected over 9 months covering all seasons in a temperate climate. We developed D. melanogaster on diet samples and investigated stress resistance and life-history traits as w…
Immunity and Nutrition: The Right Balance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
2022
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an increasingly urgent medical problem that strongly impairs quality of life for patients. A global rise in incidence has been observed over the last few decades, with the highest incidence rates recorded in North America and Europe. Still, an increased incidence has been reported in the last ten years in newly industrialized countries in Asia, including China and India, both with more than one billion inhabitants. These data underline that IBD is an urgent global health problem. In addition, it is estimated that between 20% and 30% of IBD patients will develop colorectal cancer (CRC) within their lifetime and CRC mortality is approximately 50% amongst IB…
NUTRITION IN IBD PATIENT'S: WHAT ARE THE PROSPECTS?
2015
Summary: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by a relapsing-remitting course, which alternates between active and quiescent states, ultimately impairing a patients quality of life. The two main types of IBD are Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). In physiological conditions the gut is costantly exposed to various antigens, commensal microflora and pathogens and the inflammatory response is finely balanced. It is thought that a vast number of environmental risk factors may be implicated in the development of IBD, including smoking factors, dietary factors, psycological stress, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral contraceptives,…
THE FINGERPRINT OF THE HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT MICROBIOTA: A HYPOTHESIS OF MOLECULAR MAPPING
2017
The precise etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IDB) remains unclear and several factors are believed to play a role in its development and progression, including the composition of microbial communities resident in the gastrointestinal tract. Human intestinal microbiota are extensive with at least 15,000-36,000 bacterial species. However, thanks to the new development in sequencing and molecular taxonomic methodologies, our understanding of the microbiota population composition, dynamics, and ecology has greatly increased. Intestinal microbiota play a critical role in the maintenance of the host intestinal barrier homeostasis, while dysbiosis, which involves reduction in the microbiome…
IL-17 Inhibition in Spondyloarthritis Associates with Subclinical Gut Microbiome Perturbations and a Distinctive IL-25-Driven Intestinal Inflammation
2020
To characterize the ecological effects of biologic therapies on the gut bacterial and fungal microbiome of psoriatic arthritis (PsA)/spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients.
CORRELATION BETWEEN IBD, INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS, DIET AND MOOD TONE DISEASE: ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE
2022
This essay's main goal the present review is to highlight the connections between intestinal dysbiosis and the ensuing activation of the mucosal lymphatic system. One of the study's goals is to investigate the impact on mood caused by a serotonergic deficit driven by mucosal inflammation. It assesses the relationship between food consumption and the onset of psychological and mental illness as a secondary end aim. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and psychological and psychiatric mood disorders appear to benefit therapeutically from the sort of diet they consume.
Construction of Metatranscriptomic Libraries for 5′ End Sequencing of rRNAs for Microbiome Research
2021
Metatranscriptomic sequencing enables studying community-wide gene expression profiles of microbial samples and getting functional insight on their up- or downregulated pathways. However, shotgun sequencing is not the most efficient way to study expression of ribosomal RNA genes or to compare lot of samples in experimental setups. Here we describe an efficient primer-independent method for processing and barcoding libraries for directional sequencing of the 5' end region of the RNA. When applying size selection of the original RNA, the method forms an optimal solution for the simultaneous analysis of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic rRNA diversity.
Two hundred and fifty-four metagenome-assembled bacterial genomes from the bank vole gut microbiota.
2020
Abstract Vertebrate gut microbiota provide many essential services to their host. To better understand the diversity of such services provided by gut microbiota in wild rodents, we assembled metagenome shotgun sequence data from a small mammal, the bank vole Myodes glareolus (Rodentia, Cricetidae). We were able to identify 254 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) that were at least 50% ( n = 133 MAGs), 80% ( n = 77 MAGs) or 95% ( n = 44 MAGs) complete. As typical for a rodent gut microbiota, these MAGs are dominated by taxa assigned to the phyla Bacteroidetes ( n = 132 MAGs) and Firmicutes ( n = 80), with some Spirochaetes ( n = 15) and Proteobacteria ( n = 11). Based on coverage over…