Search results for "microbiote"
showing 10 items of 14 documents
The potential of the Phytotoxkit microbiotest for hazard evaluation of sediments in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems
2009
The applicability of the Phytotoxkit microbiotest for toxicity assessment of sediments in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems was evaluated. Sediments were collected from Turawa dam reservoir (southwestern Poland) which, for years, has been subjected to a marked nutrient enrichment and heavy metal contamination. The test plant species were exposed to whole sediments, solid phases of sediments, and pore waters. Phytotoxicity was estimated on the basis of seed germination and root elongation measurements, combined into an overall germination index (GI). For pore waters, the majority of GI values were not statistically different from the controls, which was consistent with chemical data. For solid…
Comparison of the Phytotoxkit microbiotest and chemical variables for toxicity evaluation of sediments
2006
The main objective of the research was to evaluate the suitability of the Phytotoxkit microbiotest as a tool for hazard assessment of sediments. The concentrations of oil derivatives, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in sediment samples collected from the urban canal in Opole (Poland), in order to obtain a general insight of the level of sediment contamination. Phytotoxicity of sediments was estimated on the basis of seed germination and root elongation measurements, combined into an overall germination index (Gl). The results revealed spatial and vertical differentiation in sediment contamination. A good correlation …
Implication of an odorant-binding protein in precopulatory behaviour and interaction with the bacterial microbiota
2023
Chemoreception allows animals to detect nutritive food and avoid toxic compounds. Volatile and non-volatile chemical compounds, which are detected by olfactory and gustatory sensory organs, can trigger feeding and reproductive behaviours in animals such as Drosophila melanogaster. Inside chemosensory organs, perireceptor proteins like odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) serve to transport odorant and tastant molecule to dedicated receptors. OBPs are not only involved in chemoreception but also in several other functions. A recent study revealed an interaction between insect microbiota and OBP expression while another one showed that microbes can promote nutrient harvesting on food. In our proje…
Effect of deicing salts on urban soils and health status of roadside trees in the Opole region.
2004
This article reports on a study whose aim was to evaluate the impact of snow removal salts on urban soil properties and the health of roadside trees. The evaluation was done by chemical analyses of soil samples and plant matter combined with toxicity testing, performed with a Protoxkit F, a protozoan microbiotest. Samples were collected at 45 locations on three main roads in the town of Opole (Poland). The roads differed in the snow removal technology and amount of chemical substances (mostly NaCI) used on them during the winter. The study showed that when soil was exposed to a high level of NaCI, it tended to be more alkaline and also exhibited increased content of Na + and Cl - . The toxi…
L’holobionte vigne, un levier biologique pour lutter contre les dépérissements ?
2021
National audience; Le concept d’organisme pluricellulaire isolé montre actuellement ses limites. En effet, unorganisme interagit avec différentes communautés microbiennes (constituant son microbiote)qui modulent ses propriétés, telles que sa physiologie (ex. réponse à une attaque pathogène).L’association hôte-microorganismes définit un holobionte, dont le fonctionnement est influencépar la dynamique spatio-temporelle de leurs interactions. Ainsi, un dysfonctionnement del’holobionte vigne (par exemple lié à des pratiques culturales inadaptées ou aux changementsclimatiques) pourrait entraîner le développement de maladies ou de désordres physiologiques,sources de dépérissements, de la même man…
Caractérisation de l’holobionte vigne : des bio-indicateurs du dépérissement du sol aux feuilles
2018
Le projet HOLOVITI porte sur l’holobionte (du grec holo = tout et bios = vie), c’est-à-dire l’unité biologique composée de l’hôte (ici la vigne) et tous les microorganismes avec lesquels la plante interagit et établit un dialogue. « Nous étudions le lien physiologique entre le microbiote et le cep, depuis le sol jusqu’aux feuilles, précisent Pierre-Emmanuel Courty (INRAE Dijon Bourgogne Franche Comté) et Sophie Trouvelot (Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin -Université de Bourgogne), co- porteurs de ce projet. Le projet HOLOVITI a pour objectif majeur d’identifier des bio-indicateurs d’origine végétale et microbienne qui traduiraient l’état sanitaire et physiologique de la vigne et…
TOM: Taste and Oral Microbiota
2020
International audience
Détection orosensorielle des lipides alimentaires chez la souris : mécanismes impliqués et altérations au cours de l'obésité
2015
Dietary lipids are detected by the gustatory system in rodents and humans. Two candidate lipid-receptors are found in taste buds: CD36, which is involved in the fat taste as shown by studies conducted in our laboratory, and GPR120. Our results show that GPR120 is not directly involved in the gustatory detection of lipids in mice, but could rather be involved in the modulation of the sensitivity for fat. When this gustatory system works properly, food choices can meet the organism’s energy needs. Besides, the pleasure brought by the consumption of palatable foods is satisfied. However, obese people often overconsume energy-dense food. In the central nervous system, perturbations of the rewar…
Lipid and homeostatic alterations in nervous tissues associated with aging and metabolic dysregulations: implication of gut microbiota and autophagy
2020
The retina and the brain are two nervous tissues rich in lipids. Aging and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with functional and physiological alterations of these tissues as well as modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota. The global objective of this thesis work is to understand the lipid and homeostatic alterations in aging and MetS contexts in the retina and the brain. In a first study, we evaluated the impact of the modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota associated with aging on the lipid/fatty acid contents of the liver and the brain (cortex). We showed that colonization of germ-free mice with the gut microbiota of old mice modulated the hepatic e…
Compréhension et valorisation des interactions entre plantes et microorganismes telluriques : un enjeu majeur en agroécologie
2015
National audience; La libération d’une part significative des produits de photosynthèse de la plante sous forme de rhizodépôts constitue une source majeure de composés organiques pour la microflore hétérotrophe du sol qui est principalement en état de stase du fait de la forte compétition nutritionnelle régnant au niveau du sol. Parmi l’immense biodiversité tellurique, la plante sélectionne des populations particulières bien adaptées à l’environnement rhizosphérique et qui diffèrent selon le génotype de la plante. Cette sélection repose sur l’aptitude des populations microbiennes à tirer au mieux profit des composés organiques libérés, mais également sur une signalisation moléculaire à l’or…