Search results for "microenvironment"

A novel role of the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 system in the cross-talk between chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and tumor microenvironment

2011

Several chemokines/chemokine receptors such as CCR7, CXCR4 and CXCR5 attract chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to specific microenvironments. Here we have investigated whether the CX(3)CR1/CX(3)CL1 axis is involved in the interaction of CLL with their microenvironment. CLL cells from 52 patients expressed surface CX(3)CR1 and CX(3)CL1 and released constitutively soluble CX(3)CL1. One third of these were attracted in vitro by soluble CX(3)CL1. CX(3)CL1-induced phosphorylation of PI3K, Erk1/2, p38, Akt and Src was involved in induction of CLL chemotaxis. Leukemic B cells upregulated CXCR4 upon incubation with CX(3)CL1 and this was paralleled by increased chemotaxis to CXCL12. Akt phosp…

Oxygen profile of microencapsulated islets: effect of immobilised hemoglobin in the alginate matrix

2001

Angiogenic activity of breast cancer patients' monocytes reverted by combined use of systems modeling and experimental approaches.

2015

Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and cancer progression. TIE-2-expressing monocytes (TEM) have been reported to critically account for tumor vascularization and growth in mouse tumor experimental models, but the molecular basis of their pro-angiogenic activity are largely unknown. Moreover, differences in the pro-angiogenic activity between blood circulating and tumor infiltrated TEM in human patients has not been established to date, hindering the identification of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. In this work, we investigated these differences and the phenotypic reversal of breast tumor pro-angiogenic TEM to a weak pro-angiogenic phenotype by combining Boolean m…

Coagulation signaling and cancer immunotherapy.

2019

The last decades have delineated many interactions of the hemostatic system with cancer cells that are pivotal for cancer-associated thrombosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Expanding evidence shows that platelets, the tissue factor pathway, and proteolytic signaling involving protease-activated receptors (PARs) are also central players in innate and adaptive immunity. Recent studies in immune-competent mice have uncovered new immune-evasive roles of coagulation signaling networks in the development and growth of different preclinical tumor models. Tumor-type specific PAR1 signaling facilitates the escape from immune surveillance by cytotoxic T cells. In addition, tumor-associated macrophag…

Mast Cells and Th17 Cells Contribute to the Lymphoma-Associated Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma

2010

Reports focusing on the immunological microenvironment of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are rare. Here we studied the reciprocal contribution of regulatory (Treg) and interleukin-17-producing (Th17) T-cells to the composition of the lymphoma-associated microenvironment of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and PTCL not otherwise specified on tissue microarrays from 30 PTCLs not otherwise specified and 37 AITLs. We found that Th17 but not Treg cells were differently represented in the two lymphomas and correlated with the amount of mast cells (MCs) and granulocytes, which preferentially occurred in the cellular milieu of AITL cases. We observed that MCs directly synthesized inter…

Wnt activity defines colon cancer stem cells and is regulated by the microenvironment.

2010

Despite the presence of mutations in APC or beta-catenin, which are believed to activate the Wnt signalling cascade constitutively, most colorectal cancers show cellular heterogeneity when beta-catenin localization is analysed, indicating a more complex regulation of Wnt signalling. We explored this heterogeneity with a Wnt reporter construct and observed that high Wnt activity functionally designates the colon cancer stem cell (CSC) population. In adenocarcinomas, high activity of the Wnt pathway is observed preferentially in tumour cells located close to stromal myofibroblasts, indicating that Wnt activity and cancer stemness may be regulated by extrinsic cues. In agreement with this noti…

Inhibition of miR-21 restores RANKL/OPG ratio in multiple myeloma-derived bone marrow stromal cells and impairs the resorbing activity of mature oste…

2015

// Maria Rita Pitari 1 , Marco Rossi 1 , Nicola Amodio 1 , Cirino Botta 1 , Eugenio Morelli 1 , Cinzia Federico 1 , Annamaria Gulla 1 , Daniele Caracciolo 1 , Maria Teresa Di Martino 1 , Mariamena Arbitrio 2 , Antonio Giordano 3, 4 , Pierosandro Tagliaferri 1 , Pierfrancesco Tassone 1, 4 1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and T. Campanella Cancer Center, Magna Graecia University, S. Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy 2 ISN-CNR, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy 3 Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy 4 Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology,…

Editorial: CAR T-cells: novel therapeutic approaches in the new era of cancer immunotherapy

2023

Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most effective treatments capable of overcoming tumor resistance mechanisms due to its ability to modulate the patient’s immune response against cancer. Personalized anti-tumor therapy based on T cells engineered to express a cancer-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) acts directly on the immune system of patients. Specifically, this therapy enhances the recognition of cancer cells by T lymphocytes, thus promoting their elimination. In this Research Topic several aspects of CAR T-cell therapy, with particular emphasis on novel findings aimed at ameliorating the effectiveness of CAR T-cell-based immunotherapy and reducing side effects, are describ…

Cancer cell targeting by CAR-T cells: A matter of stemness

2022

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy represents one of the most innovative immunotherapy approaches. The encouraging results achieved by CAR-T cell therapy in hematological disorders paved the way for the employment of CAR engineered T cells in different types of solid tumors. This adoptive cell therapy represents a selective and efficacious approach to eradicate tumors through the recognition of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Binding of engineered CAR-T cells to TAAs provokes the release of several cytokines, granzyme, and perforin that ultimately lead to cancer cells elimination and patient’s immune system boosting. Within the tumor mass a subpopulation of cancer cells, known…

Abstract 3289: Microenvironment modulation and enhancement of cytotoxic therapy by the heparanase inhibitor Roneparstat against human B-non Hodgkin l…

2016

Abstract Background: The standard chemotherapy treatment for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) consists in the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP). Because of the relevant treatment-related toxicity and the minor therapeutic effectiveness of CHOP therapy variants, the development of novel therapeutic approaches represents an urgent clinical need. Despite treatment with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab and CHOP has led to favourable results for CD20+ lymphoma, many patients experienced drug resistance. Based on studies indicating that the malignant behaviour of tumors depends on the interactions between tumor and its microenvironment, we tested…