Search results for "microorganism"
showing 9 items of 449 documents
Chemical Ecology of Floral Resources in Conservation Biological Control.
2023
Conservation biological control aims to enhance populations of natural enemies of insect pests in crop habitats, typically by intentional provision of flowering plants as food resources. Ideally, these flowering plants should be inherently attractive to natural enemies to ensure that they are frequently visited. We review the chemical ecology of floral resources in a conservation biological control context, with a focus on insect parasitoids. We highlight the role of floral volatiles as semiochemicals that attract parasitoids to the food resources. The discovery that nectar-inhabiting microbes can be hidden players in mediating parasitoid responses to flowering plants has highlighted the co…
Soil inoculation with symbiotic microorganisms promotes plant growth and nutrient transporter genes expression in durum wheat
2015
In a field experiment conducted in a Mediterranean area of inner Sicily, durum wheat was inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), or with both to evaluate their effects on nutrient uptake, plant growth, and the expression of key transporter genes involved in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake. These biotic associations were studied under either low N availability (unfertilized plots) and supplying the soil with an easily mineralizable organic fertilizer. Regardless of N fertilization, at the tillering stage, inoculation with AMF alone or in combination with PGPR increased the aboveground biomass yield compared to the uninocula…
Molecular evolution of aphids and their primary (Buchnera sp.) and secondary endosymbionts: Implications for the role of symbiosis in insect evolution
2001
Aphids maintain an obligate, endosymbiotic association with Buchnera sp., a bacterium closely related to Escherichia coli. Bacteria are housed in specialized cells of organ-like structures called bacteriomes in the hemocoel of the aphid and are maternally transmitted. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the association had a single origin, dated about 200-250 million years ago, and that host and endosymbiont lineages have evolved in parallel since then. However, the pattern of deepest branching within the aphid family remains unsolved, which thereby hampers an appraisal of, for example, the role played by horizontal gene transfer in the early evolution of Buchnera. The main role of Buchner…
Procedures and protocol for soil biodiversity monitoring : ‘RMQS-Biodiv', a french pilot area experience.
2008
PosterFR2116Poster
Genome Characterization of natural Saccharomyces hybrids of biotechnological interest
2012
At present, the genus Saccharomyces comprises seven species according to their patterns of breeding. The species boundaries are not clear due to the description of several reticulate events due to introgression and hybridization. In the last decade, new natural hybrids have been described in wine and brewing, such as S. cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii. Due to new practices in wine and beer production, together with consequences in grape properties due to climatic change, led biotechnological companies to search for new yeast strains. In this context, hybrids have become of importance to biotechnological industries because they show good fermentative performance at low temperatures and produce …
Contribution of Molecular Structure to Self-Assembling and Biological Properties of Bifunctional Lipid-Like 4-(
2019
The design of nanoparticle delivery materials possessing biological activities is an attractive strategy for the development of various therapies. In this study, 11 cationic amphiphilic 4-(N-alkylpyridinium)-1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives differing in alkyl chain length and propargyl moiety/ties number and position were selected for the study of their self-assembling properties, evaluation of their cytotoxicity in vitro and toxicity on microorganisms, and the characterisation of their interaction with phospholipids. These lipid-like 1,4-DHPs have been earlier proposed as promising nanocarriers for DNA delivery. We have revealed that the mean diameter of freshly prepared nanoparti…
Efectos mutacionales, evolución y adaptación en bacteriófagos de RNA y DNA de cadena sencilla
2012
Las dificultades que plantean los virus para su control se deben, en gran medida, a su rápida evolución. Factores responsables de esta rápida evolución son su rápida tasa de replicación, sus elevados tamaños poblacionales y su elevada variabilidad genética. Estos dos últimos factores aumentan la efectividad de la selección natural, permitiendo a los virus escapar no sólo a las defensas del hospedador, sino también a los fármacos antivirales o de las vacunas. La mutación es la fuente última de variación genética. Por ello, la tasa de mutación es un parámetro fundamental para entender la evolución. No obstante, la relación entre tasa de mutación y adaptación no es inmediata. Por un lado, la p…
In-depth characterization of denitrifier communities across different soil ecosystems in the tundra
2022
Abstract Background In contrast to earlier assumptions, there is now mounting evidence for the role of tundra soils as important sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). However, the microorganisms involved in the cycling of N2O in this system remain largely uncharacterized. Since tundra soils are variable sources and sinks of N2O, we aimed at investigating differences in community structure across different soil ecosystems in the tundra. Results We analysed 1.4 Tb of metagenomic data from soils in northern Finland covering a range of ecosystems from dry upland soils to water-logged fens and obtained 796 manually binned and curated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). We then sear…
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Bupleurum Fontanesii (Apiaceae) Growing Wild in Sicily and its Activity on Microorganisms Affecting Hist…
2016
Hydrodistillation of the flowers (BpFl) of and fruits (BpFr) of Bupleurum fontanesii Guss. ex Caruel gave two oils that were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main components were α-elemol (16.7%), caryophyllene oxide (16.4%) and heptacosane (15.9%) in BpFl, and spathulenol (16.8%), caryophylladienol I (13.2%) and α-elemol (12.8%) in BpFr. A good antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger, all infesting historical art craft, was also determined.