Search results for "microvesicles"
showing 10 items of 173 documents
P1.17 How to Visualize Exosomes in NSCLC: “The New Guest Star in the Liquid Biopsy Movie”
2019
MA04.09 Study of Exosomes in NSCLC for Biomarkers Searching
2019
Molecular Mediators of RNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles
2021
In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) cooperate in the gene regulatory networks with other biomolecules, including coding RNAs, DNAs and proteins. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in transcriptional and translation regulation at different levels. Intriguingly, ncRNAs can be packed in vesicles, released in the extracellular space, and finally internalized by receiving cells, thus affecting gene expression also at distance. This review focuses on the mechanisms through which the ncRNAs can be selectively packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs).
Development of extracellular vesicle-based medicinal products: A position paper of the group “Extracellular Vesicle translatiOn to clinicaL perspecti…
2021
International audience; Extracellular vesicles (EV) are emergent therapeutic effectors that have reached clinical trial investigation. To translate EV-based therapeutic to clinic, the challenge is to demonstrate quality, safety, and efficacy, as required for any medicinal product. EV research translation into medicinal products is an exciting and challenging perspective. Recent papers, provide important guidance on regulatory aspects of pharmaceutical development, defining EVs for therapeutic applications and critical considerations for the development of potency tests. In addition, the ISEV Task Force on Regulatory Affairs and Clinical Use of EV-based Therapeutics as well as the Exosomes C…
Human primary macrophages scavenge AuNPs and eliminate it through exosomes. A natural shuttling for nanomaterials.
2018
Abstract The use of nanomaterials is increasing but the real risk associated with their use in humans has to be defined. In fact, nanomaterials tend to accumulate in organs over a long period of time and are slowly degraded or eliminated by the body. Exosomes are nanovesicles actively shuttle molecules, including chemical products and metals, through the body. Macrophages scavenge the body from both organic and inorganic substances, and they use to release high amounts of exosomes. We hypothesized that macrophages may have a role in eliminating nanomaterials through their exosomes. We treated human primary macrophages with 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), analyzing the presence of AuNPs in…
Cholesterol Starvation and Hypoxia Activate the FVII Gene via the SREBP1-GILZ Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells to Produce Procoagulant Microvesicles
2019
AbstractInteraction between the transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α and HIF2α) and Sp1, mediates hypoxia-driven expression of FVII gene encoding coagulation factor VII (fVII) in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) cells. This mechanism is synergistically enhanced in response to serum starvation, a condition possibly associated with tumor hypoxia. This transcriptional response potentially results in venous thromboembolism, a common complication in cancer patients by producing procoagulant extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, which deficient serum factors are responsible for this characteristic transcriptional mechanism is unknown. Here, we report that cholesterol deficien…
Extracellular Vesicles: Delivery Vehicles of Myokines
2019
Movement and regular physical activity are two important factors that help the human body prevent, reduce and treat different chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension, sarcopenia, cachexia and cancer. During exercise, several tissues release molecules into the blood stream, and are able to mediate beneficial effects throughout the whole body. In particular, contracting skeletal muscle cells have the capacity to communicate with other organs through the release of humoral factors that play an important role in the mechanisms of adaptation to physical exercise. These muscle-derived factors, today recognized as myokines, act as endocrine and paracrine hor…
Extracellular vesicles in cancer pros and cons: The importance of the evidence-based medicine
2021
In this paper we want to introduce a hot topic for clinical and translational research in oncology and all the related medical fields: the "exosomology", i.e., the science that looks at exosomes as nanovesicular tools for theranostics. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) of nanometric sizes actively secreted by normal and, above all, tumor cells. Among the EVs, exosomes are surely the most investigated and with the most promising results, mainly for what concerns their potential as representing the future of the so-called "liquid biopsy". Unfortunately, the huge and increasing amount of data coming from preclinical studies was not followed by an adequate number of clinical investigati…
Chaperonin Hsp60 and Cancer Therapies
2020
The heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a chaperonin belonging to the chaperoning (chaperone) system that typically contributes to protein homeostasis inside mitochondria, but also plays various non-canonical roles unrelated to protein quality control beyond the organelle. Chaperonopathies are disorders in which chaperones play an etiologic-pathogenic role and contribute to the onset/progression of disease. Hsp60 chaperonopathies by mistake are diseases in which the chaperonin is apparently normal (as far as it can be determined with current methodologies) but it actively contributes to pathology, for example in certain types of cancer, and autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. In cer…
Chronic myeloid leukemia-derived exosomes promote tumor growth through an autocrine mechanism.
2014
Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder in which leukemic cells display a reciprocal t(9:22) chromosomal translocation that results in the formation of the chimeric BCR-ABL oncoprotein, with a constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. Consequently, BCR-ABL causes increased proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and altered adhesion of leukemic blasts to the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. It has been well documented that cancer cells can generate their own signals in order to sustain their growth and survival, and recent studies have revealed the role of cancer-derived exosomes in activating signal transduction pathways involved in cancer cell…