Search results for "migration"
showing 10 items of 1709 documents
Phylogeography of a Habitat Specialist with High Dispersal Capability: The Savi’s Warbler Locustella luscinioides
2012
In order to describe the influence of Pleistocene glaciations on the genetic structure and demography of a highly mobile, but specialized, passerine, the Savi's Warbler (Locustella luscinioides), mitochondrial DNA sequences (ND2) and microsatellites were analysed in c.330 individuals of 17 breeding and two wintering populations. Phylogenetic, population genetics and coalescent methods were used to describe the genetic structure, determine the timing of the major splits and model the demography of populations. Savi's Warblers split from its sister species c.8 million years ago and have two major haplotype groups that diverged in the early/middle Pleistocene. One of these clades originated in…
U.S. Expansionism, Mexican Undocumented Migration, and American Obligations
2011
In his compelling piece, “Living in a Promiseland? Mexican Immigration and American Obligations,” Rogers Smith argues that the greater the degree to which the U.S. has coercively constituted the identities of non-citizens in ways that have made having certain relationships to America fundamental to their capacities to lead free and meaningful lives, the greater the obligations the U.S. has to facilitate those relationships. Over the last hundred years, many rural communities in Mexico have been constituted more by U.S. immigration policy and the labor demands of U.S. employers than by similar policies and economic factors in Mexico. According to Smith, this means that Mexicans may be owed “…
Transnational Political Activities of the Swedish Finn Youth Organization
2017
This article looks at the Swedish Finn Youth Organization’s transnational political activities, and how they have developed. In the beginning, the youth organization modelled itself after its mother organization and joined the Finnish Expatriate Parliament (FEP), which made its participation in transnational practices easy. The case study of the Swedish Finn Youth Organization in Stockholm, Sweden, demonstrates that if the younger generation is given an opportunity to establish and govern their own associations, new forms of organization can be expected. The younger generation has distinguished itself from the older generation’s associations by cooperating with other minorities and taking m…
Migration and the Mediterranean: The EU’s Response to the “European Refugee Crisis”
2020
This chapter describes and examines the origin, nature and development of the so-called “European refugee crisis” and particularly analyzes the internal and external measures taken by the EU and its Member States in response to it. Our inquiry focuses on the following measures: (1) hotspots and emergency support for affected Member States, (2) relocation, (3) resettlement and other legal ways of entry, (4) the CEAS reform, (5) addressing irregular migration through border controls and countering smuggling and trafficking, (6) return and readmission, (7) the EU–Turkey Statement, (8) additional cooperation with third countries as well as (8) (trust) funds to support regions of origin and tran…
Disturbance-induced emigration: an overlooked mechanism that reduces metapopulation extinction risk.
2021
Emigration propensity (i.e., the tendency to leave undisturbed patches) is a key life-history trait of organisms in metapopulations with local extinctions and colonizations. Metapopulation models of dispersal evolution typically assume that patch disturbance kills all individuals within the patch, thus causing local extinction. However, individuals may instead be able to leave a patch when it is disturbed, either by fleeing before being killed or simply because the disturbance destroys the patch without causing mortality. This scenario may pertain to a wide range of organisms from horizontally transmitted symbionts, to aquatic insects inhabiting temporary ponds, to vertebrates living in fra…
Extracellular Hsp70 Enhances Mesoangioblast Migration via an Autocrine Signaling Pathway
2016
Mouse mesoangioblasts are vessel-associated progenitor stem cells endowed with the ability of multipotent mesoderm differentiation. Therefore, they represent a promising tool in the regeneration of injured tissues. Several studies have demonstrated that homing of mesoangioblasts into blood and injured tissues are mainly controlled by cytokines/chemokines and other inflammatory factors. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating their ability to traverse the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we demonstrate that membrane vesicles released by mesoangioblasts contain Hsp70, and that the released Hsp70 is able to interact by an autocrine mechanism with Toll-like receptor …
Favoreggiamento dell’immigrazione irregolare vs. traffico di migranti: una dicotomia rilevante nell’interpretazione dell’art. 12 TUI? (Ragionando su …
2022
La sentenza costituzionale n. 63/2022 propone una lettura plurioffensiva delle aggravanti del favoreggiamento dell’immigrazione irregolare, che usa per distinguere, nella disciplina dell’art. 12 TUI, tra mero favoreggiamento, previsto al comma 1, e che consisterebbe in una condotta «individuale» e «altruistica», e traffico di migranti, che sarebbe previsto invece ai commi 3, 3-bis e 3-ter e che evocherebbe «scenari di coinvolgimento di organizzazioni criminali». In questo contributo si muovono alcune critiche a questa lettura, mostrando come essa, oltre a non essere necessaria allo scopo di mostrare l’incostituzionalità delle due aggravanti oggetto di censura (uso di servizi di trasporto in…
Un ponte ancora aperto? Alcune note sull’emigrazione siciliana verso gli Stati Uniti durante il fascismo
2018
During the 1920s, after the promulgation by US government of the Quota Acts, and after the new fascist policies about emigration in Italy (1926), we register a dramatic decrease of the transatlantic migration flows from Italy to the US. Focusing on the case of Sicily, one of the region which had sent more emigrants to the US during the Great Migration, this essay analyses the issue of migratory waves from Southern Italy to the US during the Fascism. In fact, despite of the reshaping of migration policies, some traditional networks between Sicily and America are still working. For example, some new researches about transnational Mafia reveal the existence of dynamic Sicilian-American network…
Introduzione, in [Meridiana : rivista di storia e scienze sociali : 92, 2, 2018].
2018
The period between the two World Wars marks the end of mass emigration for Italy. In the course of thirty years, the migratory flows were transformed: the number of starters was reduced and the trajectories changed. The new restrictions established by immigration countries – (e.g. the Quota Acts in the Twenties) – and the advent of the fascist regime redesigned the paths of Italian emigrants. At first, Mussolini gathered the legacy of liberal governments; then, since the end of the Twenties, he inaugurated a new migration policy, in line with the demographic policy of the regime and strengthening the link between emigration and foreign policy. As the historian Bertonha wrote, emigration bec…
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATIONS: GENITO-URINARY COMPLICATIONS AND ETHICAL-LEGAL ASPECTS
2015
Many women in the world are still undergoing female genital mutilations (FGMs) even if in almost all the countries, the practice of FGM is illegal. The increase of immigration, particularly from African Countries, to Europe, and Italy too, led to consider this phenomenon with particular attention and skill. All the operators in health services need to know the different types of FGMs and the related complications and the psychological and sexual sequels. Urological complications, in particular, are not rare and the changing anatomy of the external genital apparatus can also make the catheter insertion sometimes difficult. This review analyzes the epidemiology of FGMs, the reasons why the p…