Search results for "mismatch"
showing 10 items of 345 documents
Postgraduate education and job mismatch in Italy: Does migration help?
2023
Doctoral graduates represent the pinnacle of education. While the importance of increasing their number has been recognised by the Italian government and there has been a huge increase in the number of publicly funded PhD scholarships, doctoral graduates still struggle in the labour market to find employment commensurate with their skills and competencies. It is against this backdrop that the role of migration becomes crucial. Exploiting Italian microdata at the census level, this study aims to investigate how human capital migration, occurring at different ‘times’ of individual's life and across different regions, could mitigate the potential education–job mismatch, which is measured here …
The tumor-agnostic treatment for patients with solid tumors: a position paper on behalf of the AIOM- SIAPEC/IAP-SIBioC-SIF Italian Scientific Societi…
2021
The personalized medicine is in a rapidly evolving scenario. The identification of actionable mutations is revolutionizing the therapeutic landscape of tumors. The morphological and histological tumor features are enriched by the extensive genomic profiling, and the first tumor-agnostic drugs have been approved regardless of tumor histology, guided by predictive and druggable genetic alterations. This new paradigm of "mutational oncology", presents a great potential to change the oncologic therapeutic scenario, but also some critical aspects need to be underlined. A process governance is mandatory to ensure the genomic testing accuracy and homogeneity, the economic sustainability, and the r…
Musical sound processing in the human brain. Evidence from electric and magnetic recordings.
2001
Recently, our knowledge regarding the brain's ability to represent invariant features of musical information even during the performance of a simultaneous task (unrelated to the sounds) has accumulated rapidly. Recordings of the change-specific mismatch negativity component of event-related brain potentials have shown that temporally and spectrally complex sounds as well as their relations are automatically processed by human auditory cortex. Furthermore, recent magnetoencephalographic and positron emission topographic investigations indicate that this processing differs between phonetic and musical sounds within and between the cerebral hemispheres. These data thus suggest that despite the…
Mismatch brain response to speech sound changes in rats
2011
Understanding speech is based on neural representations of individual speech sounds. In humans, such representations are capable of supporting an automatic and memory-based mechanism for auditory change detection, as reflected by the mismatch negativity of event-related potentials. There are also findings of neural representations of speech sounds in animals, but it is not known whether these representations can support the change detection mechanism analogous to that underlying the mismatch negativity in humans. To this end, we presented synthesized spoken syllables to urethane-anesthetized rats while local field potentials were epidurally recorded above their primary auditory cortex. In a…
A non-linear optimization procedure to estimate distances and instantaneous substitution rate matrices under the GTR model.
2006
Abstract Motivation: The general-time-reversible (GTR) model is one of the most popular models of nucleotide substitution because it constitutes a good trade-off between mathematical tractability and biological reality. However, when it is applied for inferring evolutionary distances and/or instantaneous rate matrices, the GTR model seems more prone to inapplicability than more restrictive time-reversible models. Although it has been previously noted that the causes for intractability are caused by the impossibility of computing the logarithm of a matrix characterised by negative eigenvalues, the issue has not been investigated further. Results: Here, we formally characterize the mathematic…
Processing of audiovisual associations in the human brain: dependency on expectations and rule complexity
2012
In order to respond to environmental changes appropriately, the human brain must not only be able to detect environmental changes but also to form expectations of forthcoming events. The events in the external environment often have a number of multisensory features such as pitch and form. For integrated percepts of objects and events, crossmodal processing, and crossmodally induced expectations of forthcoming events are needed. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the expectations created by visual stimuli can modulate the deviance detection in the auditory modality, as reflected by auditory event-related potentials (ERPs). Additionally, it was studied whether the complexi…
Do categorical representations modulate early automatic visual processing? A visual mismatch-negativity study.
2021
Perceptual categorization is an important cognitive function. In the auditory domain, categorization already occurs within the first 200 ms of information processing, as indexed by the mismatch negativity. Here, we assessed the characteristics of the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) elicited during the categorization of previously unknown visual stimuli. To examine this, we used five-dot patterns with characteristics that allow for the formation of categories through rotation and reflection but not through other physical properties. To assess whether or not between-category and within-category vMMN differ in amplitude, the data was analyzed with the Bayesian approach. We observed that both…
Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): a prediction error signal in the visual modality
2015
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8
Towards an efficient epsilon near-zero-based wavefront shaper
2017
Although epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials offer many unconventional ways to play with light, the optical impedance mismatch with surroundings can limit the efficiency of future devices. An original example of ENZ-based applications is the wavefront shaping, but up to now devices have transmission efficiency as low as 10-5 [1]. Here, we report strategies to enhance the transmittance through ENZ layer and we demonstrate an enhancement by four orders of magnitude of the transmittance, which reaches up to 15% in the context of ENZ-based wavefront shaping [2].
Improving the transmittance of an epsilon-near-zero-based wavefront shaper
2016
Although Epsilon-Near-Zero metamaterials (ENZ) offer many unconventional ways to play with light, the optical impedance mismatch with surroundings can limit the efficiency of future devices. We report here on the improvement of the transmittance of an Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) wavefront shaper. We first address in this paper the way to enhance the transmittance of a plane wave through a layer of ENZ material thanks to a numerical optimization approach based on the Transfer Matrix Method. We then transpose the one dimensional approach to a two dimensional case where the emission of a dipole is shaped into a plane wave by an ENZ device with a design that optimizes the transmittance. As a result…