Search results for "mismatch"
showing 10 items of 345 documents
Data from: Effects of food abundance and early clutch predation on reproductive timing in a high Arctic shorebird exposed to advancements in arthropo…
2017
Climate change may influence the phenology of organisms unequally across trophic levels and thus lead to phenological mismatches between predators and prey. In cases where prey availability peaks before reproducing predators reach maximal prey demand, any negative fitness consequences would selectively favor resynchronization by earlier starts of the reproductive activities of the predators. At a study site in northeast Greenland, over a period of 17 years, the median emergence of the invertebrate prey of Sanderling Calidris alba advanced with 1.27 days per year. Yet, over the same period Sanderling did not advance hatching date. Thus, Sanderlings increasingly hatched after their prey was m…
Twin studies on the association of physical activity with cognitive and cerebral outcomes
2020
Regular physical activity (PA) offers positive effects on the human body. However, the effects of PA on cognition and in the brain are less clear. In this paper, we narratively review the relationship of PA with cognition and dementia, first from general perspective and then through genetically informed studies on the topic. Then we move on to imaging studies on exercise and brain anatomy first by presenting an overall picture of the topic and then discussing brain imaging studies addressing PA and brain structure in twins in more detailed way. Regarding PA and cognition or dementia, genetically informed studies are uncommon, even though the relationship between PA and cognitive ageing has …
Immunoscore in Mismatch Repair-Proficient and -Deficient Colon Cancer
2017
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate immune response and its prognostic significance in colon carcinomas using the previously described Immunoscore (IS). A population-based series of 779 colorectal cancers, operated on between 2000 and 2010, were classified according to tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) status, mismatch repair (MMR), and BRAF mutation status. Rectal cancer cases (n = 203) were excluded as a high proportion of these patients received preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Tissue microarray (TMA) samples collected from the tumour centre and invasive front were immunostained for CD3 and CD8. Lymphocytes were then digitally calculated to categorize IS from grade …
In the literature: April 2020
2020
Deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) may be caused by germline or somatic mutations in mismatch repair genes ( MLH1 , MSH2 , MSH3 , MSH6 and PMS2 ) or through epigenetic silencing of MLH1 .1 dMMR induces a hypermutator phenotype, also known as microsatellite instability (MSI). Next-generation sequencing identifies MSI in 12 cancer types. The highest prevalence is seen in endometrial cancer (31.4%), followed by colorectal cancer (19.7%) and gastric cancer (GC, 19.1%). MSI was related to better prognosis for colorectal cancer and GC . Moreover, the dMMR/MSI hypermutator phenotype is thought to produce large numbers of immunogenic neoantigens that can be recognised by immune cells, leading to …
Phosphorylation of mismatch repair proteins MSH2 and MSH6 affecting MutSα mismatch-binding activity
2002
Mismatch repair (MMR) is involved in the removal of mispaired bases from DNA and thus plays an important role in the maintenance of genomic stability and the prevention of mutations and cancer. Moreover, MMR triggers genotoxicity and apoptosis upon processing of DNA lesions such as O6-methylguanine. Whereas the enzymology of MMR has been elucidated in great detail, only limited data are available concerning its regulation. Here we show that the major mismatch-binding proteins MSH2 and MSH6, forming the MutSalpha complex, are phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C and casein kinase II, but not by protein kinase A. Phosphorylation of MSH2 and MSH6 was also found within the cell, with MSH…
Expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 proteins in ameloblastomas and tooth germs
2017
Background Mismatch repair proteins (MMRPs) are a group of nuclear enzymes that participate in the repair of base mismatches that occur during DNA replication in all proliferating cells. The most studied MMRPs are hMSH2 and hMLH1, which are known to be highly expressed in normal tissues. A loss of MMRPs leads to the accumulation of DNA replication errors in proliferating cells. Ki-67 is a biomarker regarded to be the gold-standard tool for determining cell proliferation by immunohistochemical methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of hMLH1, hMSH2 and Ki-67 proteins in ameloblastomas and tooth germs, to contribute to the understanding of the deve…
Somatosensory Deviance Detection ERPs and Their Relationship to Analogous Auditory ERPs and Interoceptive Accuracy
2022
Abstract. Automatic deviance detection has been widely explored in terms of mismatch responses (mismatch negativity or mismatch response) and P3a components of event-related potentials (ERPs) under a predictive coding framework; however, the somatosensory mismatch response has been investigated less often regarding the different types of changes than its auditory counterpart. It is not known whether the deviance detection responses from different modalities correlate, reflecting a general prediction error mechanism of the central nervous system. Furthermore, interoceptive functions have been associated with predictive coding theory, but whether interoceptive accuracy correlates with devian…
Somatosensory change detection in the aging brain
2011
The study examined the brain’s automatic somatosensory change detection mechanism using event-related potentials (ERPs) to tactile electrical pulses to fingers in an oddball paradigm. Also the effects of aging to these ERPs were investigated comparing the data of young adults (N = 20, 22–27 years) with the data of aged participants (N = 12, 67–95 years). In the experiment, the participants were instructed to ignore finger stimuli and to be fully involved to a radio play during the electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. The electrical stimulation was delivered to participant’s forefinger and little finger in randomized order of standard (P = 0.85) and deviant (P = 0.15) stimuli. The analyzed …
El fenómeno del subempleo en el proceso de inserción laboral de los jóvenes, sus conductas y actitudes laborales
2017
El propósito de esta tesis es ahondar en el estudio del subempleo en los jóvenes en España en su primera etapa de desarrollo de carrera, al inicio de su inserción laboral. Se han realizado tres estudios usando 3 sub-muestras de jóvenes en España con experiencia laboral. La muestra se obtuvo gracias al proyecto Bancaja IVIE a través del Observatorio de Inserción Laboral. Se analiza el constructo del Subempleo a través de la propuesta de un modelo de medida unifactorial que compara 5 tipos de subempleo en contraposición a un modelo bifactorial (subempleo en los aspectos íntrísecos y extrínsecos). El segundo objetivo fue conocer los efectos diferenciados del subempleo en aspectos importantes c…