Search results for "modit"
showing 10 items of 72 documents
Navigation Acts and the integration of North Baltic shipping in the early nineteenth century
2017
This article discusses how Navigation Acts affected shipping and commodity trade from and to the Northern Baltic during the early nineteenth century. We use Finnish shipping and foreign trade as an example of trade integration at the time. Finland can be used as a ‘laboratory case’ to study the importance of the Navigation Acts, as the eastern part of the area followed Russian legislation without the Navigation Act to restrict shipping to domestic vessels, while the western part followed Swedish legislation with strict protection through the Swedish version of the Act ( Produktplakat). The article argues that the role played by foreign vessels in shipments of Finnish export goods was far m…
Regionalna specjalizacja produkcji rolnej w Polsce
2016
Agriculture is a very specific sector of the economy, significantly different from other economic activities. One of the main distinguishing characteristics of agricultural production is its nature and strong dependence on the environmental conditions. These conditions determine to a large extent, the nature of agricultural production and its structure (crop/animal). The accession of Poland to the EU in 2004 and access to EU funds (subsidies for farmers under different EU programs) often were the cause of change in the current profile of farm activities. Therefore, it seems reasonable to examine the changes in the specialization of agricultural production in Poland after 2004. The aim of th…
Global factors, uncertainty, weather conditions and energy prices: On the drivers of the duration of commodity price cycle phases
2020
We investigate the role of global factors in explaining the length of commodity price cycle phases, using a continuous-time Weibull duration model and data for a panel of 33 countries over the period 1980Q1-2015Q4. We find evidence of increasing (constant) positive duration dependence for commodity price booms and busts (normal time spells). Global macroeconomic conditions - in particular, inflation, economic policy uncertainty and monetary policy actions - significantly affect the duration of all commodity price cycle phases. Global environmental conditions also impact the duration of commodity price booms, with a rise in average temperature (rainfall) increasing (reducing) their length. A…
Understanding the shortcomings of commodity-based technology in input-output models: an economic-circuit approach
2004
International audience; The Make-Use Model serves as a basis for most national accounting systems as the System of National Accounts (SNA) and is acknowledged as the most suitable model for interregional analysis. Two hypotheses are traditionally made featuring either industry-based technologies (IBT) or commodity-based technologies (CBT). While industry-based technologies can be easily interpreted in terms of a demand-driven economic circuit, it will be shown that: (1) commodity-based technologies cannot be interpreted as a demand-driven economic circuit because this involves computing the inverse of a matrix (the matrix of industry output proportions), which is either impossible or genera…
Knowledge as a fictitious commodity: a Polanyian reading of the 'digital economy'
2020
Since the 2008 financial crisis, the attempts to use Karl Polanyi's framework to make sense of current developments have multiplied, producing a noticeable and lively debate. This debate centres on the notion of double movement put forward by the Hungarian thinker in his masterpiece – The Great Transformation. The paper is a contribution to this debate. The first part addresses a series of questions that make the interpretations of the double movement advanced so far not very compelling. To this end, a close reading of Polanyi's text, with the aim of dismantling and rearticulating its analytical structure, is carried out. The upshot is a dynamic and multistage picture of the double process …
From endogenous growth to stationary state: The world economy in the mathematical formulation of the Ricardian system
2016
AbstractWe analyse international trade in a Pasinetti–Ricardo growth model in the world economy scenario in which several small trading countries coexist and international commodity prices are determined by the interplay of supply and demand amongst them. We demonstrate that all the trading countries eventually reach the stationary state, though this process is not monotonic and the dynamics of capital and population may actually push some countries towards the stationary state and others away from it. We also use our model to assess an argument which Malthus employed in the second edition of An Essay on the Principle of Population (1803) to support a policy of agricultural protectionism.
A Two-Phase Model of Resource Allocation in Visual Working Memory
2017
Two broad theories of visual working memory (VWM) storage have emerged from current research, a discrete slot-based theory and a continuous resource theory. However, neither the discrete slot-based theory or continuous resource theory clearly stipulates how the mental commodity for VWM (discrete slot or continuous resource) is allocated. Allocation may be based on the number of items via stimulus-driven factors, or it may be based on task demands via voluntary control. Previous studies have obtained conflicting results regarding the automaticity versus controllability of such allocation. In the current study, we propose a two-phase allocation model, in which the mental commodity could be al…
When buyers also sell: The implications of pricing policies for customer satisfaction
2002
In certain purchase situations, such as when a new car is purchased and an old vehicle is traded in, individuals simultaneously play the role of buyers and sellers. It is interesting to observe that, when evaluating the purchase and selling prices of the new and old products respectively, such consumers often fail to behave rationally. For example, a discount on the price of the new commodity and an equivalent markup on the old product will be weighted differently. This empirical phenomenon can be analyzed with the aid of the prospect theory - an approach based on the descriptive decision theory. This theory facilitates the elaboration of decision-making rules for determining the optimum pu…
CO2: from waste to resource for methanol-based processes
2009
This paper reports on research aiming at developing sustainable processes for the production of methanol (CH3OH) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC, (CH3)2CO3) using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a raw material. Using carbon dioxide as a raw material has several advantages; it is non-toxic, in abundant supply, and promises innovative routes to the production of commodity chemicals. Methanol and dimethyl carbonate are important products and feedstocks of the chemical industry. Methanol is produced commercially from synthesis gas, but it is also possible to use carbon dioxide as a feedstock. Conventional production of dimethyl carbonate involves the use of toxic phosgene or carbon monoxide, while the met…
Finding all optimal solutions to the network flow problem
1986
The problem examined in this paper is as follows: Given a feasible optimum basic solution (f.o.b.s) of the minimum cost network flow problem, find all the f.o.b.s of this problem. The existence of alternative f.o.b.s is characterized by means of elementary circuits of zero cost and length greater than two in the incremental graph associated to the given f.o.b.s. It is shown that any alternative f.o.b.s. can be obtained from the original one by circulating flow through elementary circuits belonging to a succession of incremental graphs. This result leads to the construction of an efficient algorithm to obtain all f.o.b.s. of the network flow problem.