Search results for "module"
showing 10 items of 226 documents
Fabrication of a Silicide Thermoelectric Module Employing Fractional Factorial Design Principles
2021
AbstractThermoelectric modules can be used in waste heat harvesting, sensing, and cooling applications. Here, we report on the fabrication and performance of a four-leg module based on abundant silicide materials. While previously optimized Mg2Si0.3Sn0.675Bi0.025 is used as the n-type leg, we employ a fractional factorial design based on the Taguchi methods mapping out a four-dimensional parameter space among Mnx-εMoεSi1.75−δGeδ higher manganese silicide compositions for the p-type material. The module is assembled using a scalable fabrication process, using a Cu metallization layer and a Pb-based soldering paste. The maximum power output density of 53 μW cm–2 is achieved at a hot-side temp…
Spectral function for overoccupied gluodynamics from classical lattice simulations
2019
We study the spectral properties of an overoccupied gluonic system far from equilibrium. Using classical Yang-Mills simulations and linear response theory, we determine the statistical and spectral functions. We measure dispersion relations and damping rates of transversally and longitudinally polarized excitations in the gluonic plasma, and also study further structures in the spectral function.
A Dynamic Electrical Scheme for the optimal reconfiguration of PV modules under non-homogeneous solar irradiation
2012
This paper presents a strategy for the maximization of the output power of photovoltaic (PV) systems under non homogeneous solar irradiation by means of automatic reconfiguration of the PV arrays layout. The innovation of the proposed approach is the employment of a simple Dynamic Electrical Scheme (DES), allowing a large number of possible modules interconnection, to be installed between the PV generator and the inverter. The models of the PV generator and of the DES have been realized and simulated with Simulink (Dynamic System Simulation for MATLAB). The attained experimental results appear to be quite interesting in terms of the attainable benefit in power and thus energy terms. The lim…
Impact of the Solar Irradiation Angle on the Work of Modules with Spherical Cells - Simulation
2018
The main purpose of all PV modules is to convert solar energy into electricity, but in the era of building integrated photovoltaics, there are additional opportunities to use them. The use of them as a composite of architectural structures in the form of facade cladding, roofing, stained glass windows or noise barriers on highways, in addition to generating electricity embellish also the aesthetic value of the facilities. However, these atypical their use, cause that the modules should have quite different properties then in the traditional application, which is related to their unusual way of positioning. Particularly for structures such as the modules made of spherical cells with the two …
Group Identities on Units of Group Algebras
2000
Abstract Let U be the group of units of the group algebra FG of a group G over a field F . Suppose that either F is infinite or G has an element of infinite order. We characterize groups G so that U satisfies a group identity. Under the assumption that G modulo the torsion elements is nilpotent this gives a complete classification of such groups. For torsion groups this problem has already been settled in recent years.
Thin Film CIGS Solar Cells, Photovoltaic Modules, and the Problems of Modeling
2013
Starting from the results regarding a nonvacuum technique to fabricate CIGS thin films for solar cells by means of single-step electrodeposition, we focus on the methodological problems of modeling at cell structure and photovoltaic module levels. As a matter of fact, electrodeposition is known as a practical alternative to costly vacuum-based technologies for semiconductor processing in the photovoltaic device sector, but it can lead to quite different structural and electrical properties. For this reason, a greater effort is required to ensure that the perspectives of the electrical engineer and the material scientist are given an opportunity for a closer comparison and a common language.…
Experimental test of the performances of a photovoltaic modules model
2015
In this paper, a measurement-based modeling technique for PV panels oriented to power electronics design is proposed. The proposed modelling approach aims at an accurate modeling of the whole PV curve and not only around a few remarkable points. The proposed approach is based on an experimental characterization of the module under test. In fact, the incompleteness of manufacturers' data and the knowledge of physical parameters are the main source of inaccuracy in existing modelling approaches. The proposed approach is applied to a four lumped parameters model of a Conergy E215P solar module. Tests are performed under natural light. The parameter identification procedure is described in deta…
Extending the Power Range of a Solar Inverter
2018
Solar inverters feature a minimum and maximum limit of the maximum power point voltage. Overcoming these limits leads to a disconnection of the power equipment, thus wasting the solar energy. In this paper, a solution to extend the power range of a solar inverter is presented. The proposed solution extends he minimum maximum power point limit of a commercial solar inverter by means of a battery energy storage system, including a DC/DC power converter. The battery energy storage system is connected in series to the photovoltaic module. If the photovoltaic module voltage drops below the minimum maximum power point limit, the battery energy storage system is enabled thus boosting the input vol…
Heat-sensitive UV-Vis measurements for Phytochrome
2016
Fytokromit ovat punaista valoa aistivia proteiineja, jotka säätelevät suurta joukkoa solun toimintoja kasvi-, bakteeri- ja sienisoluissa. Nämä valoaktiiviset proteiinit muuntavat konformaatiotaan palautuvasti aktiivisen (Pfr) ja inaktiivisen (Pr) tilan välillä. Fytokromien aminohappojen väliset heikot vuorovaikutukset - etenkin vetysidokset - vaikuttavat lopulta laskostumiseen ja proteiinin lämpöstabiiliuteen. Fytokromit esiintyvät homodimeerisinä rakenteina, joiden monomeerit koostuvat useista domeeneista. Nämä jakautuvat N- terminaaliseen valosensitiiviseen moduuliin (PSM) ja C-terminaaliseen OutPut moduliin (OPM). PSM koostuu kolmesta domeenista (PAS-GAF ja PHY). Tässä työssä tutkittiin …
The Experimental Study of Heat Waste Conversion into Useful Electric Power
2009
This paper presents the practical results ofthe design solutions, executing and experimentaltesting of a prototype model of o thermoelectricgenerator, based on the conversion of residualthermical energy into electric power, by improving theSeebeck effect. To this purpose, high performancethermoelectric modules have been used, taken from therecent production of the American Corporation Hi-ZTechnology. The prototype thermoelectric generatorbuilt for a demonstrative purposes has got the lowefficiency category. The results taken from the testsand experimental measurements have showntheimportance of the constructive solution of materialsand technologies that have been used. These resultsdirect t…