Search results for "monitasoanalyysi"
showing 5 items of 5 documents
On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models: Review, Critique, and Recommendations
2019
Entities such as individuals, teams, or organizations can vary systematically from one another. Researchers typically model such data using multilevel models, assuming that the random effects are uncorrelated with the regressors. Violating this testable assumption, which is often ignored, creates an endogeneity problem thus preventing causal interpretations. Focusing on two-level models, we explain how researchers can avoid this problem by including cluster means of the Level 1 explanatory variables as controls; we explain this point conceptually and with a large-scale simulation. We further show why the common practice of centering the predictor variables is mostly unnecessary. Moreover, …
Luokan työrauhaan vaikuttavat tekijät : sekamallin sovellus
2017
Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli tarkastella koululuokkien työrauhaan vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Aineistona käytettiin Niilo Mäki Instituutin Prokoulu-projektin tutkimusaineistoa. Vastemuuttujana käytettiin oppilaan arvioimaa luokan työrauhaa. Selittäviksi muuttujiksi asetettiin aiemman tutkimustiedon perusteella oppilaan arvioita erilaisista sosiaalisista suhteista ja käyttäytymiseen liittyvistä asioista, luokan opettajan ominaisuuksia ja arvioita koulun toimintakulttuurista sekä yleisiä luokkaan liittyviä ominaisuuksia. Analyysimenetelmänä käytettiin hierarkkista lineaarista regressiomallia, ts. lineaarista sekamallia, johon asetettiin oppilas-, luokka- ja koulutasot. Sekamallin …
Tracking of Television Viewing Time during Adulthood: The Young Finns Study.
2016
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the tracking of television viewing (TV) time as an indicator of sedentary behavior among adults for a period of 25 yr. Methods: A random sample of 1601 subjects (740 men) age 18, 21, and 24 yr participated in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study in 1986. TV time during leisure time was measured with a single self-report question at baseline and in 2001, 2007, and 2011. Tracking of TV time was analyzed using Spearman rank correlations and simplex models. Level and change of TV time were examined using linear growth modeling. Results: The 4- and 6-yr integrated TV time stability coefficients, adjusted for measurement errors, were Q0.60…
Leaders’ intensified job demands : Their multi-level associations with leader-follower relationships and follower well-being
2022
To study the ever-increasing pace of work practices, we investigated leader experiences of intensified job demands (IJDs) and their effects on followers. Based on the challenge-hindrance approach, different kinds of job demands may produce either negative or positive work-related outcomes. Using this perspective, we investigated the leaders IJDs against their followers’ satisfaction with them as leaders, follower evaluations of the leader-member exchange (LMX) relationship quality, and their personal well-being (burnout and work engagement). Of the four IJDs, (1) work intensification and (2) career-related planning demands were conceptualised as negative hindrances for leaders, whereas (3) …
Psychological Detachment as a Mediator Between Successive Days Job Stress and Negative Affect of Teachers
2022
The study investigated the mediating role of teachers' psychological detachment between successive days' job stress and negative affect. Fifty-seven Finnish teachers answered to a mobile diary four times a day on two successive workdays assessing their negative affect, three times a day assessing their job stress and once a day after work assessing their psychological detachment from work. Two-level modeling on both the between individual level and within day level was used to test the mediational model. The data supported the mediational model where teachers' job stress hinders their psychological detachment, which again increases their negative affect and job stress on the subsequent day.…