Search results for "monoclonal"

Molecular specification of cell lines in the embryo of Platynereis (Annelida)

1992

In this study we describe the site and moment of histospecific differentiation in developmental stages of the annelid Platynereis dumerilii by use of biochemical markers. The monoclonal antibody (mab) OI7 and uncloned hybridoma supernatants (pAb's) OI8, OI10, OI46 and OI69 recognize neural antigens that appear asynchronously during development. By an enzymatic test, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was found specific for nervous tissue as well. The patterns of neural structures labelled by antibodies differ, however, from those revealed by AChE staining. Experimental inhibition of transcription (with actinomycin D) and of translation (using puromycin) demonstrate that the expression of histospec…

Immunoelectron Microscopy of Hemocyanin from the Keyhole Limpet (Megathura crenulata): A Parallel Subunit Model

1993

Abstract Immunoelectron microscopy has been performed using negatively stained immune complexes of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) subunit 2 di- and multidecamers with domain-specific monoclonal antibodies. One antibody (KLH2 a macr 1) links the hemocyanin molecules in a side-to-side pattern, whereas the other antibody (KLH2 fg macr 1) links the molecules end-to-end. From existing knowledge of the domain sequence of KLH subunit 2, these data provide support for a parallel arrangement of subunits within each decamer. Ten N-terminal a macr: domains are then present at the noncollar region of each decamer with 10 C-terminal g macr domains at the collar region. The immunonegative staining data …

Targeting Angiogenesis by Therapeutic Antibodies

2014

Monoclonal Gammopathies and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment: From Bench to Bedside and Then Back Again

2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by a multistep evolutionary pathway, with an initial phase called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), potentially evolving into the symptomatic disease, often preceded by an intermediate phase called “smoldering” MM (sMM). From a biological point of view, genomic alterations (translocations/deletions/mutations) are already present at the MGUS phase, thus rendering their role in disease evolution questionable. On the other hand, we currently know that changes in the bone marrow microenvironment (TME) could play a key role in MM evolution through a progressive shift towards a pro-inflammatory and…

DC specific Smad7 deficiency promotes differentiation of tolerogenic DCs able to attenuate EAE

2014

The immune network is a complex system for host defenses comprising various types of inflammatory and regulatory cells. Autoimmune diseases occur because of dysregulation in homeostasis caused by imbalance of these cells. The pattern of imbalance depends on the disease. Most autoimmune diseases are chronic, and the mechanism underlying this chronic nature is yet to be determined. Monoclonal antibody therapy is highly specific to the molecules targeted and is therefore highly effective. However, this therapy cannot be applied to all autoimmune diseases, and even the most effective therapy is incapable of completely inhibiting disease activity. Antigen-specific therapies have the ability to i…

Functional relevance of soluble TNF-alpha, transmembrane TNF-alpha and TNF-signal transduction in gastrointestinal diseases with special reference to…

2002

As a result of extensive clinical and basic research, the pivotal role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has now generally been acknowledged. This has led to promising clinically effective anti-TNF-strategies. Of note, there is more and more evidence that TNF seems to play a key role in other gastrointestinal diseases including Helicobacter pylori infection, pancreatitis, viral hepatitis and toxic liver damage, too. The action of TNF at the cellular level is mediated by two cell surface receptors, TNF-R1 (p60) and TNF-R2 (p80). The function of these receptors and the downstream intracellular signal t…

Response to Anti CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Rituximab® and Epitope Mapping of Inhibitory Antibodies in Patients with Acquired Haemophilia.

2006

Abstract Introduction: Acquired haemophilia (AcH) is associated with the development of polyclonal autoantibodies against FVIII, which affect directly the A2 or C2 domain of the FVIII molecule. Immunomodulatory therapy regimes to normalize FVIII levels and to eliminate the inhibitor are essential options in the treatment of patients (pts) with AcH. The aims of the present study were to investigate the response to Rituximab® and to localize the inhibitor epitopes on the FVIII domains. Patients and Methods: In 5 pts with AcH (2 females,3 males; age: 64–81 yrs) the inhibitor titers ranged from 9 to 156 BU and the FVIII activities from <1 % to 6 %. Rituximab® was administered once weekly…

Cetuximab +/- chemotherapy enhances dendritic cell-mediated phagocytosis of colon cancer cells and ignites a highly efficient colon cancer antigen-sp…

2012

Cetuximab is a human/mouse chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to epidermal growth factor receptor, approved for colorectal carcinoma treatment in combination with chemotherapy. The immune-mediated effects elicited by its human fraction of crystallization moiety might critically contribute to the overall anti-tumor effectiveness of the antibody. We therefore investigated cetuximab ability to promote colon cancer cell opsonization and phagocytosis by human dendritic cells (DCs) that are subsequently engaged in antigen-cross presentation to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) precursors. Human colon cancer cell lines were evaluated for susceptibility to DC-mediated phagocytosis before and after …

Sponge aggregation factor: identification of the specific collagen-binding site by means of a monoclonal antibody.

1988

The aggregation factor (AF) from the sponge Geodia cydonium is known to be a complex proteinaceous particle, composed of a series of different (glyco)proteins (Mr lower than 150,000) around a 90S sunburst-like core structure. One of the low-Mr proteins is the 47-KD cell binding fragment. We describe a new monoclonal antibody (mAb), III1E6, raised against purified AF particles, which recognizes in tissue slices structures present both on the plasma membrane and in a network-like manner in the extracellular space. By applying immunoelectron microscopical, immunoblotting, and immunoaffinity chromatographical techniques, the mAb III1E6 was shown to recognize the core structure of the AF partic…

Antitumor Vaccines Based on Synthetic Mucin Glycopeptides

2011

The interest in tumor-associated glycoconjugate antigens was particularly initiated by Springer, who published in 1984 that glycoproteins on the outer cell-membrane of epithelial tumor cells have an altered glycosylation consisting of the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T-) antigen and its precursor the TN-antigen structure (Springer 1984). He and his coworkers also had found that monoclonal antibodies induced with glycoproteins from tumor cell membranes showed cross-reactivity to desialylated glycophorin A. It was concluded from these observations that the T-and TN-glycoproteins on the epithelial tumor cells must be structurally related to asialoglycophorin A (Springer et al. 1983) (Fig. 11.1a). Gly…