Search results for "mortality"
showing 10 items of 1406 documents
Perceived collective continuity and ingroup identification as defence against death awareness
2008
"Perhaps unique among the animal species, humans are aware that they will ultimately die. Terror management theory (TMT) posits that investing in a social group helps people to manage paralysing anxiety stemming from death awareness. In line with this proposition, research to date has shown that when reminded of their own mortality, people increase their identification with a relevant group and defend its beliefs, values, and practices. In the reported study, we demonstrate that a mortality salience induction enhances people’s perceptions of group temporal endurance—or perceived collective continuity (PCC), as we define it. Enhanced PCC leads, in turn, to enhanced group identification. This…
Risk of Death Associated With Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
2020
Importance Although intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment represents the first-line therapy for many retinal diseases, the issue of their systemic safety is debatable. Objectives To assess whether intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy might be associated with increased risk of mortality and which variables are associated with the increase. Data Sources PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched from inception to May 6, 2019. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials comparing intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment with control groups and with follow-up of at least 6 months were selected. Data Extractio…
Extrahepatic Morbidity and Mortality of Chronic Hepatitis C
2015
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with several extra-hepatic manifestations. Patients with HCV may develop mixed cryoglobulinemia and its sequelae, ranging from cutaneous and visceral vasculitis to glomerulonephritis and B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. HCV-infected patients have increased rates of insulin resistance, diabetes and atherosclerosis, which may lead to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Neurologic manifestations of HCV infection include fatigue and cognitive impairment. The mechanisms causing the extra-hepatic effects of HCV infection are likely multifactorial and may include endocrine effects, HCV replication in extra-hepatic cells, or a heig…
Dose Escalation of Caspofungin for Invasive Aspergillosis - A Phase II Trial
2010
Abstract Abstract 2309 Objectives. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA) fails in up to 50% of all cases and the mortality rate is at least 30%. Antifungal combination treatment has not been proven to be beneficial and dose escalation with liposomal amphotericin B did not improve outcome. New approaches are needed for patients with severe immunosuppression. Methods. Escalating high dosages of caspofungin were investigated in IA defined according to modified EORTC/MSG criteria. The tested cohort of patients received 70mg, 100mg, 150mg or 200mg QD, 8 patients each were to receive caspofungin first-line treatment for proven/probable IA for up to 28 days. Dose limiting toxicity was defined a…
Bērnu un jauniešu mirstības tendences saistībā ar makroekonomiskajiem faktoriem Baltijas valstīs (2008 – 2018)
2020
Ievads: Bērnu mirstība Latvijā un Lietuvā vēsturiski ir bijusi ļoti augsta, ņemot vērā Eiropas Savienības standartu. Iepriekšējie pētījumi liecina par to, ka iespējams tas ir saistīts ar ekonomiskiem faktoriem. Šī pētījuma galvenais mērķis ir izpētīt sakarību starp bērnu mirstību dažadās vecumu grupās; perinatālā, jaundzimušā, zīdaiņu, jaunāki par pieciem gadiem un jauniešu (5-14), un starp Baltijas valstīm; Latviju, Igauniju un Lietuvu, sakarā ar makroekonomiskajiem faktoriem. Ņemot vērā neseno ekonomijas vēsturi, tika analizēti laika posmi no 2008 – 2018 gadam. Tas ļāva apskatīt to, vai globālajai finanšu krīzei bija efekts uz bērnu mirstību šajā reģionā. Metodes: Statistiskie dati par bē…
Congenital anomalies from a physics perspective. The key role of "manufacturing" volatility
2020
Genetic and environmental factors are traditionally seen as the sole causes of congenital anomalies. In this paper we introduce a third possible cause, namely random "manufacturing" discrepancies with respect to ``design'' values. A clear way to demonstrate the existence of this component is to ``shut'' the two others and to see whether or not there is remaining variability. Perfect clones raised under well controlled laboratory conditions fulfill the conditions for such a test. Carried out for four different species, the test reveals a variability remainder of the order of 10%-20% in terms of coefficient of variation. As an example, the CV of the volume of E.coli bacteria immediately after…
Identifiability problem for recovering the mortality rate in an age-structured population dynamics model
2014
In this article is studied the identifiability of the age-dependent mortality rate of the Von Foerster–Mc Kendrick model, from the observation of a given age group of the population. In the case where there is no renewal for the population, translated by an additional homogeneous boundary condition to the Von Foerster equation, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on the initial density that ensures the mortality rate identifiability. In the inhomogeneous case, modelled by a non-local boundary condition, we make explicit a sufficient condition for the identifiability property, and give a condition for which the identifiability problem is ill-posed. We illustrate this latter case wit…
Prestroke Weight Loss Is Associated With Poststroke Mortality Among Men in the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
2014
Objective To examine baseline prestroke weight loss and poststroke mortality among men. Design Longitudinal study of late-life prestroke body mass index (BMI), weight loss, and BMI change (midlife to late life) with up to 8-year incident stroke and mortality follow-up. Setting Community-based aging study data. Participants Japanese-American men (N=3581; age range, 71–93y) who were stroke free at baseline. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure Poststroke mortality: 30 days poststroke, analyzed with stepwise multivariable logistic regression; and long-term poststroke (up to 8y), analyzed with stepwise multivariable Cox regression. Results Weight loss (4.5kg decrements) was associ…
Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
2021
The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhoo…
Real-World Data of Anticoagulant Treatment in Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation
2022
AimsTo assess the impact of anticoagulant treatment on risk for stroke and all-cause mortality of patients with atrial fibrillation using real-world data (RWD).MethodsPatients with prevalent or incident atrial fibrillation were selected throughout a study period of 5 years. Stroke, transitory ischemic attack, hemorrhagic stroke, and all-cause mortality were identified in the claims of the electronic health records (EHRs). Subjects were classified according to the anticoagulant treatment in four groups: untreated, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), New Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs), and antiplatelet (AP). Risk of events and protection with anticoagulant therapy were calculated by Cox proportional h…