Search results for "motility"

Child with repeated aspiration pneumonia and peculiar face.

1998

Are near visual signs and symptoms in multiple sclerosis compatible with convergence insufficiency?

2021

Clinical relevance: Optometric management of neurodegenerative diseases is essential since visual signs, such as double vision, visual acuity reduction, or oculomotricity dysfunctions, are usually present in these subjects over the course of the disease. The present paper can guide clinicians in better managing their patients with multiple sclerosis. Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis present near vision symptoms that may be related to binocular anomalies, but these symptoms have not been investigated and related to specific signs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the binocular vision in subjects with multiple sclerosis, and to analyse if the near visual signs and symp…

Ocular Motor Paroxysmal Events in Neonates and Infants: A Review of the Literature

2021

Abstract Background Ocular paroxysmal events can accompany a variety of neurological disorders. Particularly in infants, ocular paroxysmal events often represent a diagnostic challenge. Distinguishing between epileptic and nonepileptic events or between physiological and pathologic paroxysmal events can be challenging at this age because the clinical evaluation and physical examination are often limited. Continuous polygraphic video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring can be helpful in these situations. Methods We review ocular paroxysmal events in newborns and infants. The aim is to improve clinical recognition of ocular paroxysmal events and provide a guide to further management. Usin…

Small bowel motility: relationship between smooth muscle contraction and electroenterogram signal.

2000

A study is made to correlate the electrical and mechanical activity of the smooth muscle of the small bowel. Bioelectrical signal recording from the intestinal serosa (electroenterogram) comprises a slow wave (SW) and spike burst (SB), though only the latter reflects intestinal pressure. The electroenterogram and smooth muscle pressure are simultaneously recorded in the canine small bowel. Spectral and time series analysis of the electroenterogram are performed to establish those electrical parameters that best reflect intestinal pressure. The results reveal an underlying correlation between the estimated parameters of electrical activity and smooth muscle pressure. In addition, parameters …

Bacteriophage Resistance Affects Flavobacterium columnare Virulence Partly via Mutations in Genes Related to Gliding Motility and the Type IX Secreti…

2021

Increasing problems with antibiotic resistance have directed interest toward phage therapy in the aquaculture industry. However, phage resistance evolving in target bacteria is considered a challenge. To investigate how phage resistance influences the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare, two wild-type bacterial isolates, FCO-F2 and FCO-F9, were exposed to phages (FCO-F2 to FCOV-F2, FCOV-F5, and FCOV-F25, and FCO-F9 to FCL-2, FCOV-F13, and FCOV-F45), and resulting phenotypic and genetic changes in bacteria were analyzed. Bacterial viability first decreased in the exposure cultures but started to increase after 1 to 2 days, along with a change in colony morphology from original rhizoid to …

Dual effect mediated by protease-activated receptors on the mechanical activity of rat colon

2002

1. The present study examined the mechanical effects of agonist enzymes and receptor-activating peptides for protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and PAR-2 on longitudinal and circular muscle of rat isolated colonic segments in the attempt to clarify the PAR functional role in intestinal motility. 2. The responses to PAR-1 and PAR-2 activation were examined in vitro by recording simultaneously the changes of endoluminal pressure (index of circular muscle activity) and of isometric tension (index of longitudinal muscle activity). 3. Both PAR-1 agonists, thrombin (0.1 nM - 3 microM) and SFLLRN-NH2 (1 nM - 3 microM), and PAR-2 agonists, trypsin (0.1 nM - 10 microM) and SLIGRL-NH2 (1 nM - 10 mic…

GABA and GABA receptors in the gastrointestinal tract: from motility to inflammation

2015

Although an extensive body of literature confirmed γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as mediator within the enteric nervous system (ENS) controlling gastrointestinal (GI) function, the true significance of GABAergic signalling in the gut is still a matter of debate. GABAergic cells in the bowel include neuronal and endocrine-like cells, suggesting GABA as modulator of both motor and secretory GI activity. GABA effects in the GI tract depend on the activation of ionotropic GABAA and GABAC receptors and metabotropic GABAB receptors, resulting in a potential noteworthy regulation of both the excitatory and inhibitory signalling in the ENS. However, the preservation of GABAergic signalling in the gut …

Effect of Marrubium globosum ssp libanoticum on intestinal motility

2007

Inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase normalizes endotoxin-induced enhanced gastrointestinal motility in mice

2012

Background and purpose Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is regulated in part by fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), including the endocannabinoid (EC) anandamide (AEA). The actions of FAEs are terminated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We investigated the actions of the novel FAAH inhibitor AM3506 on normal and enhanced GI motility. Experimental approach We examined the effect of AM3506 on electrically-evoked contractility in vitro and GI transit and colonic faecal output in vivo, in normal and FAAH-deficient mice treated with saline or LPS (100 µg·kg(-1), i.p.), in the presence and absence of cannabinoid (CB) receptor antagonists. mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real time-PCR…

Involvement of nitric oxide and tachykinins in the effects induced by protease-activated receptors in rat colon longitudinal muscle

2003

The aim of the present study was to verify a possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and of tachykinins in the contractile and relaxant effects caused by the activation of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and PAR-2 in the longitudinal muscle of rat colon. Mechanical responses to the PAR-1 activating peptides, SFLLRN-NH2 (10 nM–10 μM) and TFLLR-NH2 (10 nM–10 μM), and to the PAR-2-activating peptide, SLIGRL-NH2 (10 nM–10 μM), were examined in vitro in the absence and in the presence of different antagonists. The relaxation induced by SFLLRN-NH2, TFLLR-NH2 and SLIGRL-NH2 was antagonised by the inhibitor of NO synthase L-Nω-nitroarginine methyl ester (300 μM), or by the inhibitor of the gu…