Search results for "negation"
showing 8 items of 38 documents
Inlärning och behärskning av svenskans verb- och adjektivböjning samt negationens placering hos finska grundskoleelever
2015
Między grzecznością a skutecznością. Nauczycielskie akty negujące stosowane podczas rozmowy maturalnej
2021
W artykule prezentuję wyniki jakościowej analizy aktów negacji stosowanych przez egzaminatora podczas rozmowy maturalnej z języka polskiego. Tekst składa się z trzech zasadniczych części. W pierwszej przedstawiam ustny egzamin maturalny z języka polskiego, a także omawiam wyznaczniki gatunkowe rozmowy egzaminacyjnej, uznając, że jednym z nich jest cel grzecznościowy. W kolejnej części charakteryzuję grzeczność w relacji nauczyciel – uczeń, odnosząc się do polskiego modelu grzecznościowego i dwóch podstawowych zasad: autonomiczności i życzliwości. W trzeciej części prezentuję wyniki analizy aktów negacji i odpowiadam na pytania: jakie akty negacji stosują egzaminatorzy, w jaki sposób są one …
Polyseeminen "vaikka" ja neuvottelun retoriikka / Polysemic forms of "vaikka " and the rhetoric of negotiation
2006
Polysemic forms of vaikka and the rhetoric of negotiation (englanti) 2/2006 (110) Polysemic forms of vaikka and the rhetoric of negotiation The article analyses the use of the Finnish lexeme vaikka ([al]though but also even if, say, for example and on the other hand, indeed) in spoken Finnish, and especially in certain planning and negotiating situations. The forms in which this lexeme occur are described as facilitators of argumentation based on concessiveness. The writer applies the cardinal concessive schema of Couper-Kuhlen and Thompson (2000): In negotiations this schema is used to modify, weaken or contradict statement X and to confirm counter statement Y. The writer hypothesises that…
Is Embodiment All That We Need? Insights from the Acquisition of Negation
2012
Simulation of propositional content does not sufficiently explain real-life linguistic activity, even for action-related language. In addition, how we get from propositional content to implicit and inferential meaning needs to be explained. Indeed, simulative understanding is immediate, automatic and reflex-like while an explicit interpretative act, even if not always needed, is still a part of many linguistic activities. The aim of this paper is to present the hypothesis that speaking is a complex ability realized by means of at least two different mechanisms that are likely developed at different and consecutive steps of cognitive and linguistic development. The first mechanism has a neur…
The Psychic Life and Creativity of the Forms of Life. Some Remarks on Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Psychology
2015
Wittgenstein’s later philosophy addresses the subject of connection between the psychic life of the individual and social context, represented by language games which are played within a form of life. Sensations and passions are part of the psychic life of the individual; far from being hidden psychological objects of a private Cartesian, they are inseparable from their social redefinition. In fact, they become visible in the context of the game. Wittgenstein argues that there is a transformation of subjective psychic life by learning language games. The psychic life of the individual is then re-organized by learning a socially defined, characteristic behaviour pattern. However, the learnin…
Awareness and partitional information structures
1994
This is the first of two papers where we present a formal model of unawareness. We contrast unawareness with certainty and uncertainty. A subject is certain of something when he knows that thing; he is uncertain when he does not know it, but he knows he does not: he is consciously uncertain. On the other hand, he is unaware of something when he does not know it, and he does not know he does not know, and so on ad infinitum: he does not perceive, does not have in mind, the object of knowledge. The opposite of unawareness is awareness, which includes certainty and uncertainty. This paper has three main purposes. First, we formalize the concept of awareness, and introduce a symmetry axiom whic…
Semantic Complexity in Natural Language
2015
This chapter presents the technical framework that the authors used to define fragments of natural languages and formulate questions as to their semantic complexity. It examines the study of the classical syllogistic and its extensions. It analyzes the semantic complexity of various salient fragments of English. It highlights that the language of argument, featuring transitive verbs, is in an objective sense inferentially no more complex than the language of classical syllogisms exemplified by argument, indeed, the analogous extension featuring ditransitive verbs involves only a modest increase in complexity. On the other hand, the language of argument, which adds relative clauses to the cl…