Search results for "neuron"
showing 10 items of 2611 documents
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is critically involved in basal and fluoxetine-stimulated adult hippocampal cell proliferation and in anxiety,…
2011
Intensive research is devoted to unravel the neurobiological mechanisms mediating adult hippocampal neurogenesis, its regulation by antidepressants, and its behavioral consequences. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is expressed in the CNS, where its function is unknown. Here, we show, for the first time, the relevance of MIF expression for adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We identify MIF expression in neurogenic cells (in stem cells, cells undergoing proliferation, and in newly proliferated cells undergoing maturation) in the subgranular zone of the rodent dentate gyrus. A causal function for MIF in cell proliferation was shown using genetic (M…
Regulation of Endurance Performance: New Frontiers
2017
Successful endurance performance requires the integration of multiple physiological and psychological systems, working together to regulate exercise intensity in a way that will reduce time taken or increase work done. The systems that ultimately limit performance of the task are hotly contested, and may depend on a variety of factors including the type of task, the environment, external influences, training status of the individual and a host of psychological constructs. These factors can be studied in isolation, or inclusively as a whole-body or integrative system. A reductionist approach has traditionally been favoured, leading to a greater understanding and emphasis on muscle and cardio…
Acute and chronic pain
2017
Acute or chronic pain is a complex multidimensional neuronal response that draws attention to damaging or potentially damaging situations. A complex cascade of events takes place between the triggering occurrence of irritation and the final result of pain perception. In the beginning the nociceptor transforms the noxious threat into a signal.
A novel numerical meshless approach for electric potential estimation in transcranial stimulation
2015
In this paper, a first application of the method of fundamental solutions in estimating the electric potential and the spatial current density distribution in the brain due to transcranial stimulation, is presented. The coupled boundary value p roblems for the electric potential are solved in a meshless way, so avoiding the use of grid based numerical methods. A multi-spherical geometry is considered and numerical results are discussed.
In developing Drosophila neurones the production of γ-amino butyric acid is tightly regulated downstream of glutamate decarboxylase translation and c…
2003
The presented work pioneers the embryonic Drosophila CNS for studies of the developmental regulation and function of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). We describe for the first time the developmental pattern of GABA in Drosophila and address underlying regulatory mechanisms. Surprisingly, and in contrast to vertebrates, detectable levels of GABA occur late during Drosophila neurogenesis, after essential neuronal proliferation and growth have taken place and synaptogenesis has been initiated. This timeline is almost unchanged when the GABA synthetase glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is strongly misexpressed throughout the nervous system suggesting a tight post-translational regulation of GABA ex…
Des souris, des vaches, des odeurs et des hommes
2022
Les animaux, dotés d’organes sensoriels différents des nôtres, ne perçoivent pas le monde de la même façon que nous. Si notre sensorialité est à dominante audiovisuelle, l’olfaction prévaut autant que la vision et l’audition chez la plupart des autres mammifères. Afin de vivre au mieux avec les animaux qui nous entourent, que ce soit nos animaux de compagnie ou ceux d’élevage, il est nécessaire de comprendre les bases sensorielles de la relation homme-animal. Pour cela se pose la question de la contagion des émotions de l’homme vers l’animal, mais également de l’animal vers l’homme, afin de respecter voire d’améliorer leur bien-être, mais également le nôtre...
Grasp-specific motor resonance is influenced by the visibility of the observed actor
2016
AbstractMotor resonance is the modulation of M1 corticospinal excitability induced by observation of others' actions. Recent brain imaging studies have revealed that viewing videos of grasping actions led to a differential activation of the ventral premotor cortex depending on whether the entire person is viewed versus only their disembodied hand. Here we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) during observation of videos or static images in which a whole person or merely the hand was seen reaching and grasping a peanut (precision grip) or an apple (whole hand grasp). Part…
IqYmune® is an effective maintenance treatment for multifocal motor neuropathy: A randomised, double‐blind, multi‐center cross‐over non‐inferiority s…
2018
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is the gold-standard for maintenance treatment of multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). This phase III, randomised, double-blind, multi-centre, active-control, crossover study, aimed to evaluate the non-inferiority of IqYmune® relative to Kiovig®, primarily based on efficacy criteria. Twenty-two adult MMN patients, treated with any brand of IVIg (except Kiovig® or IqYmune®) at a stable maintenance dose within the range of 1 to 2 g/kg every 4 to 8 weeks, were randomised to receive either Kiovig® followed by IqYmune®, or IqYmune® followed by Kiovig®. Each product was administered for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the difference between IqYmune® and Kiovig® …
Pre-training inter-rater reliability of clinical instruments in an international psychosis research project.
2021
International audience
Cloning of a novel putative G-protein-coupled receptor (NLR) which is expressed in neuronal and lymphatic tissue.
1993
AbstractA novel G-protein-coupled receptor was isolated from mouse and rat neuronal and lymphatic tissues. The amino acid sequence of the rat receptor (rNLR) shows an overall homology of 80% to a recently cloned receptor from Burkitt's lymphoma cells (BLR1) which is exclusively expressed in lymphatic tissues [(1992) Eur. J. Immunol. 22, 2795]. Much less homology between rNLR and BLR1 was observed at the N-terminus (about 40%), whereas rNLR and the mouse homologue mNLR show 92% amino acid identity. Northern blot analysis of NLR revealed a predominant 5.5 kb mRNA species in various brain regions and neuronal cell lines, whereas in the spleen a 3 kb transcript is predominant. This distribution…