Search results for "neutrophils"
showing 10 items of 316 documents
Airway neutrophilia in COPD is not associated with increased neutrophil survival
2006
Neutrophilic airway inflammation is a prominent feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and correlates with disease severity. The mechanisms that determine the extent of neutrophilia could involve increased influx or prolonged survival of neutrophils. The aim of the study was to assess whether neutrophil pro-survival mechanisms are increased in the airways of subjects with COPD owing to the presence of anti-apoptotic factors in the bronchial lining fluid. Induced sputum samples were collected from 20 subjects with stable COPD, 14 healthy smokers and 14 healthy controls. Quantification of apoptotic neutrophils was based on typical morphological cell changes. Anti-apoptotic, p…
Oxygen Radical Production by Alveolar Inflammatory Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
1990
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic inflammatory interstitial lung disease characterized by the accumulation of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils in the lower respiratory tract, parenchymal cell injury, and fibrosis of the alveolar structure. Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) are claimed to be a major cause of tissue damage in IPF; however, the source of ROI has not been unequivocally identified. AMs, as well as neutrophils, are capable of releasing these agents. The contributions of these possible sources are not known. To address this question, we evaluated the spontaneous and stimulated (PMA or zymosan) ROI release of total bronchoalveolar cells and isolated AMs i…
Airway inflammation in nonasthmatic amateur runners
2001
Elite athletes show a high prevalence of symptoms and signs of asthma, but no study has assessed the acute effects of endurance exercise on airway cells in nonasthmatic athletes. We measured exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and collected samples of induced sputum after 3% NaCl aerosol administration for 20 min in nonasthmatic middle-aged amateur runners after the Fourth Palermo International Marathon and 6–9 wk later (habitual training period) at baseline. After the marathon, exhaled NO ( n = 9 subjects) was higher [27 ± 9 parts/billion (ppb)] than at baseline (12 ± 4 ppb; P < 0.0005). Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts in induced sputum were much higher in runners (91.2 ± 3.6% of total…
Neutrophil‐mediated enhancement of angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a novel triple cell co‐culture model with endothelial cells and osteoblasts
2017
Repair and regeneration of critical‐sized bone defects remain a major challenge in orthopaedic and craniomaxillofacial surgery. Until now, attempts to bioengineer bone tissue have been hindered by the inability to establish proper angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the tissue construct. In the present study, we established a novel triple cell co‐culture model consisting of osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and neutrophils and conducted a systematic investigation of the effects of neutrophils on angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Neutrophils significantly increased angiogenesis in the tissue construct, evidenced by the formation of microvessel‐like structures with an extensive lattice‐like, stable t…
Deep venous thrombosis: Behaviour of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte integrin pattern at baseline and after in vitro activation
2005
In a group of 18 subjects with acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT), evidenced by clinical examination and echo-color-Doppler, we examined the phenotypical expression of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) beta2-integrins (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD18), obtained by using a flow cytofluorimeter. The evaluation was performed before and after in vitro activation (prolonged for 5 and 15 minutes) with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). In DVT subjects, at baseline, the phenotypical expression of CD11b was decreased and that of CD11c was increased when compared with normal controls; no difference was found in CD11a and CD18 expression. In norm…
Differentiation, phenotype, and function of interleukin-17-producing human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
2011
Abstract In healthy adults, the major peripheral blood γδ T-cell subset expresses the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR and displays pleiotropic features. Here we report that coculture of naive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with phosphoantigens and a cocktail of cytokines (IL-1-β, TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23), leads to selective expression of the transcription factor RORγt and polarization toward IL-17 production. IL-17+ Vγ9Vδ2 T cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6 and produce IL-17 but neither IL-22 nor IFN-γ; they have a predominant terminally differentiated (CD27−CD45RA+) phenotype and express granzyme B, TRAIL, FasL, and CD161. On antigen activation, IL-17+ Vγ9Vδ2 T cells rapidly induce CXCL8-mediated migration and phagocy…
The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio is Related to Disease Activity in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
2019
: Background: The role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of peripheral blood has been investigated in relation to several autoimmune diseases. Limited studies have addressed the significance of the NLR in terms of being a marker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: This is a retrospective study in relapsing&ndash
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte membrane fluidity before and after activation in subjects with insulin resistance.
2000
The aim of this research was the evaluation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) membrane fluidity in subjects with insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity, in fact, may be influenced by plasma membrane fluidity. We enrolled 19 subjects with insulin resistance previously demonstrated during an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. PMN membrane fluidity was studied by labeling intact cells with the fluorescent probe 1-[4-(trimethylamino)phenyl]-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and calculating the fluorescence polarization degree. The measurement was made before and after incubation of PMNs with two activating agents: 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (…
Stimulus-Dependent Increased Generation of Oxygen Intermediates in Monocytes and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Psoriasis
1985
Based on recent findings indicating increased respiratory burst activity of monocytes (M phi) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in psoriasis upon stimulation with zymosan particles, we examined the question of whether incubation with various stimuli always results in augmented oxidative metabolism in psoriatic phagocytes. We compared M phi and PMN isolated from the peripheral blood of 12 patients with psoriasis and 12 control individuals. We measured the generation of oxygen intermediates of resting and stimulated M phi and PMN by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. The stimulants applied were: (1) aggregated immunoglobulin (aggIg), (2) zymosan, (3) zymosan opsonized with autologous se…
The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio as a marker of recovery status in patients with severe dental infection.
2017
Background The aim of the study was to assess the value of pretreatment neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio and mean platelet volume (MPV) and the correlation between these markers with progression in patients with severe odontogenic infection. Material and Methods A cohort of 100 patients with severe odontogenic infection were divided into 2 groups according to their length of hospital stay. The N/L ratio and MPV was measured in all patients. The correlation in all patients between preoperative fever, preoperative antibiotic doses, postoperative antibiotic doses, total antibiotic doses and hospital stay with N/L ratio and MPV were analyzed. The Youden index was used to identify the optimal c…