Search results for "nisäkkäät"

Bank vole alarm pheromone chemistry and effects in the field

2021

Chemical communication plays an important role in mammalian life history decisions. Animals send and receive information based on body odour secretions. Odour cues provide important social information on identity, kinship, sex, group membership or genetic quality. Recent findings show, that rodents alarm their conspecifics with danger-dependent body odours after encountering a predator. In this study, we aim to identify the chemistry of alarm pheromones (AP) in the bank vole, a common boreal rodent. Furthermore, the vole foraging efficiency under perceived fear was measured in a set of field experiments in large outdoor enclosures. During the analysis of bank vole odour by gas chromatograph…

Mammal assemblage composition predicts global patterns in emerging infectious disease risk

2021

Abstract As a source of emerging infectious diseases, wildlife assemblages (and related spatial patterns) must be quantitatively assessed to help identify high‐risk locations. Previous assessments have largely focussed on the distributions of individual species; however, transmission dynamics are expected to depend on assemblage composition. Moreover, disease–diversity relationships have mainly been studied in the context of species loss, but assemblage composition and disease risk (e.g. infection prevalence in wildlife assemblages) can change without extinction. Based on the predicted distributions and abundances of 4466 mammal species, we estimated global patterns of disease risk through …

Climate change reshuffles northern species within their niches

2022

Climate change is a pervasive threat to biodiversity. While range shifts are a known consequence of climate warming contributing to regional community change, less is known about how species' positions shift within their climatic niches. Furthermore, whether the relative importance of different climatic variables prompting such shifts varies with changing climate remains unclear. Here we analysed four decades of data for 1,478 species of birds, mammals, butterflies, moths, plants and phytoplankton along a 1,200 km high latitudinal gradient. The relative importance of climatic drivers varied non-uniformly with progressing climate change. While species turnover among decades was limited, the …

Eliölajien uhanalaisuuden arviointi : arvoja vai ekologiaa?

2014

Polyandry and its effect on male and female fitness

2006

Miksi metsämyyränaaraalla on useampia rakastajia, on mielenkiintoinen kysymys evoluutioekologiassa. Yksi koiras riittäisi hyvin hedelmöittämään kaikki naaraan munasolut, ja useamman koiraan kanssa jatkuvat lemmenleikit altistavat naaraan niin pedon hampaille kuin tautiriskille. Useamman koiraan kanssa parittelu näyttää kuitenkin olevan enemmän sääntö kuin poikkeus.Ines Klemmen väitöskirjatutkimuksen aiheena oli selvittää, mitä hyötyä naaraalle on useamman koiraan kanssa parittelusta. Klemme osoitti tutkimuksessaan, että mitä useamman koiraan kanssa metsämyyränaaras parittelee yhden lisääntymiskerran aikana, sitä parempi on sen lisääntymistulos. Metsämyyrän poikuekoko on 5-6, ja naaras saatt…

Evolutionary conflicts in a small mammal : behavioural, physiological and genetic differences between the sexes

2011

Introgression of mitochondrial DNA among Myodes voles: consequences for energetics?

2011

Background Introgression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is among the most frequently described cases of reticulate evolution. The tendency of mtDNA to cross interspecific barriers is somewhat counter-intuitive considering the key function of enzymes that it encodes in the oxidative-phosphorylation process, which could give rise to hybrid dysfunction. How mtDNA reticulation affects the evolution of metabolic functions is, however, uncertain. Here we investigated how morpho-physiological traits vary in natural populations of a common rodent (the bank vole, Myodes glareolus) and whether this variation could be associated with mtDNA introgression. First, we confirmed that M. glareolus harbour mtD…