Search results for "non-steroid"
showing 10 items of 287 documents
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Parkinson’s disease
2007
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to be a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by a selective degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). A large body of experimental evidence indicates that the factors involved in the pathogenesis of this disease are several, occurring inside and outside the DAergic neuron. Recently, the role of the neuron–glia interaction and the inflammatory process, in particular, has been the object of intense study by the research community. It seems to represent a new therapeutic approach opportunity for this neurological disorder. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-…
Changes in immunohistochemical levels and subcellular localization after therapy and correlation and colocalization with CD68 suggest a pathogenetic …
2011
In an earlier work, the role of heat shock protein (Hsp60) in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) was suggested by its significant increase in the pathological mucosa parallel with an increase in inflammatory cells. More data in this direction are reported in this work. We analyzed by immunohistochemistry biopsies of colon tissue from 2 groups of patients with UC and treated with either 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) alone or in combination with a probiotic. We looked for inflammatory markers and Hsp60. Both the treatments were effective in reducing symptoms but the group treated with both 5-ASA and probiotics showed better clinical results. Amelioration of symptoms was associated wi…
Modulation of the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic and adverse effects of NSAIDs by Chinese herbal medicines.
2014
Concomitant use of NSAIDs and Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) is frequent, yet summarized information on their interactions is lacking.A systematic review of literature in four evidence-based English databases was performed. Articles which reported CHMs altering the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic and adverse effects of NSAIDs were identified and summarized. Such interactions may lead to beneficial, detrimental or no change in outcomes. The current review covers four therapeutic effects of NSAIDs, including: i) anti-inflammatory; ii) analgesic; iii) antiplatelet, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular; and iv) anticancer effects and four adverse effects of NSAIDs, including: i) gastrointestinal u…
In vivo activity of pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones in acute and chronic inflammation.
2000
The pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones 4-alpha-O-acetyl-pseudoguaian-6beta-olide (1), hymenin (2), ambrosanolide (3), tetraneurin A (4), parthenin (5), hysterin (6) and confertdiolide (7) were evaluated for their ability to affect the inflammation responses induced by different agents. All the compounds showed activity against the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema. The ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced mouse ear edema was inhibited by compounds 3, 5 and 7. However, when sesquiterpene-lactones were assayed on the arachidonic acid (AA)-induced mouse ear edema, none of them were active. The only sesquiterpene lactone orally active against the paw mouse…
Trends in gastrointestinal bleeding in the Region of Valencia (2000-2005). Relationship to sales of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acid sup…
2011
Objective: To describe 2000-2005 time trends of prescription for NSAIDs, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and hospital admissions for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Methods: Time series analysis of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding admission and drugs’ Defined Daily Dose per 1000 people per day (DDD/1000/day) in the Region of Valencia, Spain, from January 2000 to December 2005. Results: Dispensation of NSAIDs went from 42.7 DDD/1000 people/day in 2000 to 58.3 DDD/1000 people/day in 2005. During the same period, dispensation of PPIs went from 26.3 DDD/1000 people/day to 68.5 DDD/1000 people/day (both are statistically significant). The rate of hospitalisations for gastrointestinal bleeding during…
Intramolecular Electron Transfer between Tyrosine and Tryptophan Photosensitized by a Chiral π,π* Aromatic Ketone
2005
The photochemical reaction of Trp and Tyr and related peptides with Suprofen (SUP) as sensitizer in H2O/CH3CN (28:1 v/v) solutions has been studied by time-resolved spectroscopy. The results show that SUP induces oxidation of both Trp and Tyr, as well as intramolecular-ET reactions in the related peptides. The influence of photosensitizer configuration on the involved processes has been studied by using the enantiomerically pure compounds. A significant chiral recognition is observed in which the concentration of the radicals formed after triplet quenching depends on the configuration of the chiral center; the quenching process is higher when using the (R)-SUP enantiomer.
Structural Approaches to Explain the Selectivity of COX-2 Inhibitors: Is There a Common Pharmacophore?
2000
The identification and characterisation of the isoenzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) stimulated investigations to develop efficient non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side effects compared to standard NSAIDs. This review will focus on the structural features needed to achieve COX-2 selectivity. Five structural classes can be identified together with a class bearing little or no resemblance to one another in their molecular structure. The most interesting point is the very distinct structure/activity relationship. On the one hand only minor modifications to a particular compound induce a drastic change in its COX selectivity and on the other hand the structural prerequisites in …
Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in red wine, enhances expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
2002
Background— Estrogens can upregulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human endothelial cells by increasing eNOS promoter activity and enhancing the binding activity of the transcription factor Sp1. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes and wine, has been reported to act as an agonist at the estrogen receptor. Therefore, we tested the effect of this putative phytoestrogen on eNOS expression in human endothelial cells. Methods and Results— Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and HUVEC-derived EA.hy 926 cells with resveratrol for 24 to 72 hours upregulated eNOS mRNA expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (up to 2.8-fold)…
Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Table Olives on the ImmuneInflammatory Responses: Potential Clinical Applications
2017
Background and Objective: Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the common element among the Mediterranean countries. It can be considered a nutraceutical and functional food, thanks to its bioactive compounds. It can act and modulate different processes linked to ageing and age-related diseases related to a common chronic low grade inflammation. Depending on the cultivar, the growth conditions, the period of harvesting, the productive process and time of product storage, EVOO could contain different amount of vegetal components. Of course, the same is for table olives. Methods: The aim of our review is to summarize the effects of EVOO and table olives on the immunemediated inflammatory respons…
Summary and recommendations of the OARSI FDA osteoarthritis Assessment of Structural Change Working Group
2011
Import JabRef | WosArea Orthopedics; Rheumatology; International audience; Objective: The Osteoarthritis Research Society International initiated a number of working groups to address a call from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on updating draft guidance on conduct of osteoarthritis (OA) clinical trials. The development of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) remains challenging. The Assessment of Structural Change (ASC) Working Group aimed to provide a state-of-the-art critical update on imaging tools for OA clinical trials. Methods: The Group focussed on the performance metrics of conventional radiographs (CR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performing systemati…