Search results for "novel"
showing 10 items of 684 documents
Hippocampus responds to auditory change in rabbits
2010
Any change or novelty in the auditory environment is potentially important for survival. The cortex has been implicated in the detection of auditory change whereas the hippocampus has been associated with the detection of auditory novelty. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from the CA1 area of the hippocampus in waking rabbits. In the oddball condition, a rare tone of one frequency (deviant) randomly replaced a repeated tone of another frequency (standard). In the equal-probability condition, the standard was replaced by a set of tones of nine different frequencies in order to remove the repetitive auditory background of the deviant (now labelled as control-deviant) while preservi…
Learning to learn: Theta oscillations predict new learning, which enhances related learning and neurogenesis
2011
Animals in the natural world continuously encounter learning experiences of varying degrees of novelty. New neurons in the hippocampus are especially responsive to learning associations between novel events and more cells survive if a novel and challenging task is learned. One might wonder whether new neurons would be rescued from death upon each new learning experience or whether there is an internal control system that limits the number of cells that are retained as a function of learning. In this experiment, it was hypothesized that learning a task that was similar in content to one already learned previously would not increase cell survival. We further hypothesized that in situations in…
High novelty-seeking predicts greater sensitivity to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine
2011
Novelty-seeking in rodents, defined as enhanced specific exploration of novel situations, is considered to predict the response of animals to drugs of abuse and, thus, identify "drug-vulnerable" individuals. The main objective of this work was to determine the capacity of two animal models-the novel object recognition task and the novel environment test-for evaluating to what extent novelty-seeking can predict greater sensitivity to the rewarding properties of cocaine in young adult (PND 56) and adolescent (PND 35) OF1 mice of both sexes. Conditioned place preference, a useful tool for evaluating the sensitivity of individuals to the incentive properties of addictive drugs, was induced with…
Behavioral impact of experience based on environmental enrichment: Influence of age and duration of exposure in male NMRI mice
2020
Prior studies have suggested that short periods of exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) in rodents induce physiological and behavioral effects. In the present study, our aim was to evaluate if the impact of experiences based on EE could be modulated by the age of onset and the developmental period of exposure. NMRI male mice (n = 64) were exposed to EE or standard environment (SE) and behavioral changes (anxiety, exploration, memory and social interaction) were evaluated. Groups compared were: (a) SE: exposure to SE on post-natal day (PND) 28 and lasting 6 months; (b) EE-6: exposure to EE on PND 28 and lasting 6 months; (c) EE-4: exposure to EE on PND 91 and lasting 4 months; (d) EE-2:…
The role of temperament and character in the outcome of depressive mood in eating disorders.
2014
Abstract Objectives The aims were to see which temperament and character dimensions were associated with depression, mainly with its outcome at two-year follow up in eating disorders (EDs). Methods Participants (N = 151) were 44 Anorexia nervosa (AN), 55 Bulimia nervosa (BN) and 52 Eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) patients. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Rosenberg Self Esteem Questionnaire (RSE), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were administered. Results Depression at the beginning (t0) was severe in 22% of the cases. Harm Avoidance and Novelty Seeking had an effect on depressed m…
The novelty-seeking phenotype modulates the long-lasting effects of adolescent MDMA exposure.
2015
Exposure to drugs such as ethanol or cocaine during adolescence induces alterations in the central nervous system that are modulated by the novelty-seeking trait. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of this trait on the long-term effects of MDMA administration during adolescence on spontaneous behavior and conditioned rewarding effects in adulthood. Adolescent mice were classified as high or low novelty seekers (HNS or LNS) according to the hole-board test and received either MDMA (0, 10 or 20mg/kg PND 33-42) or saline. Three weeks later, having entered adulthood (PND>68), one set of mice performed the elevated plus maze and social interaction tests, while another set performed the condit…
Visual Attention Study in Youth With Spastic Cerebral Palsy Using the Event-Related Potential Method
2011
Youth with mild spastic cerebral palsy (n = 14) and a peer control group were compared on an oddball paradigm. Here, visual stimuli were presented with low and high probability and participants were instructed to count in silence the number of rare stimuli. The infrequent stimulus typically elicits an enhanced frontal central N2 and a centroparietal P300 event-related brain potential, reflecting orientation and evaluation of stimulus novelty. No differences in latency and amplitude of the N2–P300 complex were found between the 2 groups, indicating that some fundamental attention processes are intact in youth with mild spastic cerebral palsy.
Chutzpadik advertising and its effectiveness: Four studies of agencies and audiences
2021
Abstract The creation of advertisements that attract immediate attention and simultaneously provoke thoughts and stimulate ongoing discussions is challenging. Hence, advertisers increasingly use Chutzpadik advertising, which we define as “radical advertising messaging that purposefully transgresses social norms and proscribed topics”. We conduct four studies to identify the dimensions and evaluate the effectiveness of Chutzpadik advertising. The first two studies involve interviews with 12 managers of advertising agencies and 22 members of the Israeli general public (audience members). The interviews reveal Chutzpadik advertising’s dimensions are norm violation, novelty, and audacity. In tw…
eWOM on Travel Agency Selection: Specialized versus Private Label
2016
In the travel industry, electronic word of mouth (eWOM) elicits a major influence on consumers’ decision making. Travel retailers are facing the new challenges derived from the different nature of their competitors—big hypermarkets, for instance, are extending their brands to travel services—and the challenges derived from online comments that consumers have access to. With a sample of 263 tourists, and using a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis data analysis, this paper shows how the selection between a specialized travel agency and a private label (PL) agency is influenced by five factors: the usefulness attached to online reviews by users and the valence of those online reviews, …
Innovation cooperative systems and structural change: An evolutionary analysis of Anecoop and Mondragon cases
2016
International audience; In a globalized world, clusters, or territorial production systems, need to evolve into innovation systems to retain their competitive advantages and be able to develop. This study analyzes the cooperative entrepreneurship model as a means of structural change for these clusters, constituting a third way between the private business way and the government-oriented way. Building on an evolutionist approach and a qualitative comparative methodology, the study analyzes two successful cooperatives: Mondragon and Anecoop. As a novelty, this article explains the innovation process from an institutional perspective, combining micro–meso–macro levels. The results confirm tha…