Search results for "nuclei"

Forensic typing of autosomal SNPs with a 29 SNP-multiplex--results of a collaborative EDNAP exercise.

2008

We report the results of an inter-laboratory exercise on typing of autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for forensic genetic investigations in crime cases. The European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP), a working group under the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG), organised the exercise. A total of 11 European and one US forensic genetic laboratories tested a subset of a 52 SNP-multiplex PCR kit developed by the SNPforID consortium. The 52 SNP-multiplex kit amplifies 52 DNA fragments with 52 autosomal SNP loci in one multiplex PCR. The 52 SNPs are detected in two separate single base extension (SBE) multiplex reactions with 29 and 23 SNPs, respectively, using SNaPshot …

A simple sequence repeat-based linkage map of barley.

2000

Abstract A total of 568 new simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based markers for barley have been developed from a combination of database sequences and small insert genomic libraries enriched for a range of short simple sequence repeats. Analysis of the SSRs on 16 barley cultivars revealed variable levels of informativeness but no obvious correlation was found with SSR repeat length, motif type, or map position. Of the 568 SSRs developed, 242 were genetically mapped, 216 with 37 previously published SSRs in a single doubled-haploid population derived from the F1 of an interspecific cross between the cultivar Lina and Hordeum spontaneum Canada Park and 26 SSRs in two other mapping populations. A …

Rapid evolution of translational control mechanisms in RNA genomes

1997

We have introduced 13 base substitutions into the coat protein gene of RNA bacteriophage MS2. The mutations, which are clustered ahead of the overlapping lysis cistron, do not change the amino acid sequence of the coat protein, but they disrupt a local hairpin, which is needed to control translation of the lysis gene. The mutations decreased the phage titer by four orders of magnitude but, upon passaging, the virus accumulated suppressor mutations that raised the fitness to almost wild-type level. Analysis of the pseudorevertants showed that the disruption of the local hairpin, controlling expression of the lysis gene, had apparently been so complete that its restoration by chance mutations…

Subrepeats result from regional DNA sequence conservation in tandem repeats in Chironomus telomeres

1990

Repeat units, widespread in eukaryotic genomes, are often partially or entirely built up of subrepeats. Homogenization between whole repeat units arranged in tandem usually can best be understood as a result of unequal crossing over. Such a mechanism is less plausible for maintaining similarities between subrepeats within a repeat unit when present in a regular array. In Chironomus telomeres, large blocks of tandemly repeated approximately 350 base-pair units contain two or three pairs of subrepeats with high mutual identities, embedded in linker DNA, non-repetitive within the repeat unit. Measurements of evolutionary base changes in two closely related species, Chironomus tentans and Chiro…

Differential expression of SUC genes: A question of bases

1994

Non-coding nucleotide sequences located 5' upstream of the transcriptional start site play an essential role in gene expression as they contain binding sites for transcription and regulatory factors. The yeast SUC gene family is a useful model to study the influence that nucleotide exchanges within the promoter regions have on their expression, since (i) these genes, regulated by glucose repression, are differentially transcribed (invertase activity produced by distinct SUC genes may show variations of about 10-fold); and (ii) promoter sequences of SUC3, SUC4, SUC5 and SUC7 are more than 99% homologous, showing only six base exchanges among all of them. Comparison of these nucleotide exchan…

Recognition of Specified RNA Modifications by the Innate Immune System

2015

Microbial nucleic acids have been described as important activators of human innate immune responses by triggering so-called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are expressed on innate immune cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes. Although host and microbial nucleic acids share pronounced chemical and structural similarities, they significantly differ in their posttranscriptional modification profile, allowing the host to discriminate between self and nonself. In this regard, ribose 2'-O-methylation has been discovered as suppressor of RNA-induced PRR activation. Although 2'-O-methylation occurs with higher frequencies in eukaryotic than in prokaryotic RNA, the i…

Considerations from the European DNA profiling group (EDNAP) concerning STR nomenclature

1997

(1) The nomenclature of any STR follows from comparison with a control allelic ladder; availability of reference allelic ladders is central to any scheme. The components of an allelic ladder should be sequenced. (2) The DNA commission recommended a nomenclature based upon the number of repeat sequences present in an allele. Whereas this method is suitable for typing simple STRs, complex hypervariable repeats such as ACTBP2 do not conform to a simple repeating structure. We propose that designation of complex STR repeats such as ACTBP2, D11S554 and APOAI1 follows from the size of specific alleles. Because the size is dependant upon the primers utilised, the size is not definitive (it may als…

Forensics of birds of prey by DNA fingerprinting with 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probes.

1991

Paternity tests on confiscated families of eight species of birds of prey were carried out successfully by DNA fingerprinting with 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probes. Variations in the number of hybridized fragments, depending on the species of birds, are observed using the same probe, as well as differences of polymorphism by hybridizing the DNA samples with several oligonucleotide probes.

Nucleotide sequence of the unassigned reading frame urf a in the mitochondrial genome of three Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains.

1990

Nucleotide sequence of a Trichophyton mentagrophytes HindIII mitochondrial DNA fragment containing at RNA gene cluster

1993

A 0.85-kb HindIII mitochondrial DNA fragment of the dermatophytic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes has been sequenced. The fragment contains eight complete genes which corresponds to a tRNA gene cluster. From 5′ to 3′, the sequenced genes code for tRNAthr, tRNAglu, tRNAval, tRNAmet1, tRNAmet3, tRNAleu, tRNAala, and tRNAphe. This tRNA gene cluster is located downstream of the larger ribosomal RNA gene. The particularities ofthe sequenced genes and their comparison with other fungal tRNA mitochondrial genes are reported.