Search results for "nucleic acid"

showing 10 items of 810 documents

Adaptive trends of sequence compositional complexity over pandemic time in the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus

2021

In the brief time since the outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic, and despite its proofreading mechanism, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has accumulated a significant amount of genetic variability through recombination and mutation events. To test evolutionary trends that could inform us on the adaptive process of the virus to its human host, we summarize all this variability in the Sequence Compositional Complexity (SCC), a measure of genome heterogeneity that captures the mutational and recombinational changes accumulated by a nucleotide sequence along time. Despite the brief time elapsed, we detected many differences in the number and length of compositional domains, as well as in their nucleot…

MutationPhylogenetic treeEvolutionary biologyNucleic acid sequencemedicineGenetic variabilityBiologyAdaptationmedicine.disease_causeGenomeVirusCoronavirus
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Genetic lesions associated with Muller's ratchet in an RNA virus

1996

The molecular basis of Muller's ratchet has been investigated using the important animal pathogen foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Clones from two FMDV populations were subjected to serial plaque transfers (repeated bottleneck events) on host BHK-21 cells. Relative fitness losses were documented in 11 out of 19 clones tested. Small fitness gains were observed in three clones. One viral clone attained an extremely low plating efficiency, suggesting that accumulation of deleterious mutations had driven the virus near extinction. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed unique genetic lesions in multiply transferred clones that had never been seen in FMDVs isolated in nature or subjected to m…

Mutational hot spotvirusesViral quasispeciesViral Plaque AssayVirusOligoadenylate extensionCell LineExtinction PsychologicalAphthovirusStructural BiologyCricetinaePolyadenylateAnimalsFitness lossMolecular BiologyGeneticsbiologyFoot-and-mouth disease virusNucleic acid sequenceRNA virusMuller's ratchetbiology.organism_classificationVirologyQuasispeciesCapsidMutationNucleic Acid ConformationRNA ViralFoot-and-mouth disease virus
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Nalidixic acid-resistant V79 cells with reduced DNA topoisomerase II activity and amplification prone phenotype

1992

Spontaneously nalidixic acid-resistant lines (NAr lines) were selected from a V79 Chinese hamster cell line and phenotypically characterized. NAr lines showed an increased doubling time, a higher number of spontaneous SCE, and more interestingly, decreased DNA topoisomerase II activity. These lines were also cross-resistant to the eukaryotic topoisomerase II inhibitors etoposide and adriamycin, but showed the same level of sensitivity as the parental line to the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin. NAr lines were cross-resistant to other drugs, such as PALA, MTX and MPA, resistance to which has been shown to arise by amplification of the target genes. This last feature, together with…

Nalidixic acidCell SurvivalHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisDrug ResistanceAntineoplastic AgentsBiologyCell LineNalidixic Acidchemistry.chemical_compoundCricetulusCricetinaeGeneticsmedicineAnimalsTopoisomerase II InhibitorsMolecular BiologyGeneEtoposideEtoposideCell NucleusMesocricetusTopoisomeraseGene AmplificationNucleic Acid HybridizationDNADNA topoisomerase II activityMolecular biologyDNA Topoisomerases Type IIPhenotypeDNA Topoisomerases Type IchemistryDoxorubicinbiology.proteinTopoisomerase-II InhibitorSister Chromatid ExchangeDNACamptothecinmedicine.drugMutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis
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Redox signaling in acute pancreatitis

2015

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreatic gland that eventually may lead to a severe systemic inflammatory response. A key event in pancreatic damage is the intracellular activation of NF-κB and zymogens, involving also calcium, cathepsins, pH disorders, autophagy, and cell death, particularly necrosis. This review focuses on the new role of redox signaling in acute pancreatitis. Oxidative stress and redox status are involved in the onset of acute pancreatitis and also in the development of the systemic inflammatory response, being glutathione depletion, xanthine oxidase activation, and thiol oxidation in proteins critical features of the disease in the pancreas. On th…

NecrosisGSH reduced glutathioneSTAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinasesClinical BiochemistryCCK cholecystokininTRAFs TNF receptor associated factorsReview ArticleIκB kinasePharmacologymedicine.disease_causeBiochemistrySHP small heterodimer partnerSTIM1 stromal interaction molecule 1chemistry.chemical_compoundHATs histone acetyltransferasesMedicineASK1GCL glutamate cysteine ligaseTNF-α tumor necrosis factor alphaIKK IκB kinaseNOS nitric oxide synthaseAcute inflammationHIF hypoxia inducible factorlcsh:QH301-705.5NF-κB nuclear factor kappa BDAMPs damage-associated molecular pattern moleculeslcsh:R5-920biologyGSSG oxidized glutathioneNF-kappa BNLRs nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptorsTRADD tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain proteinTRPC3 transient receptor potential channel 3VEGF vascular endothelial growth factorGlutathioneTNFR tumor necrosis factor receptorHMGB1 high-mobility group Box 1 proteinIP3R inositol 145-trisphosphate receptor type 3VCAM-1 Vascular Cell adhesion protein 1Acute DiseaseJNK c-Jun N-terminal kinaseAcute pancreatitisTLRs toll-like receptorsmedicine.symptomlcsh:Medicine (General)Oxidation-ReductionAP-1 activator protein-1Signal TransductionmRNA messenger ribonucleic acidHMGB1ASC apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a carboxy-terminal CARDRNS reactive nitrogen speciesPTPs protein tyrosine phosphatasesROS reactive oxygen speciesNADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidepHe extracellular pHFAEE fatty acid ethyl estersAP acute pancreatitisHumansXanthine oxidaseCBP CREB-binding proteinRyR endoplasmic reticulum membrane ryanodine receptorsMDA malondialdehydeNO nitric oxideXO xanthine oxidaseASK1 apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1business.industryOrganic ChemistryAutophagyNADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateHDACs histone deacetylasesmedicine.diseaseCARS compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndromeXDH xanthine dehydrogenaseIL interleukinIκB inhibitor of kappa BAcute pancreatitisETC Electron transport chainPancreatitisMKPs MAPK phosphatasesSAP severe acute pancreatitischemistrylcsh:Biology (General)DTT dithiothreitolOxidative stressNAC N-acetyl cysteineImmunologybiology.proteinCalciumLysosomesReactive Oxygen SpeciesbusinessMAPK mitogen-activated protein kinaseOxidative stressERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographyRedox Biology
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NATURAL SELECTION AND THE ORGAN-SPECIFIC DIFFERENTIATION OF HIV-1 V3 HYPERVARIABLE REGION

2004

The existence of organ-specific HIV-1 populations within infected hosts has been studied for many years; nonetheless results reported by different authors are somewhat discrepant. To tackle this problem, we used a population genetics approach to analyze previously published data from the V3 hypervariable region of the envelope env gene. Our results are compatible with a population subdivision by organs in 95% of individuals analyzed at autopsy. In addition, populations infecting the nervous system and testicles clearly appear as differentiated subsets of the so-called macrophage-tropic variants. Liver and kidney may harbor differentiated populations as well. Although it is widely accepted t…

Nonsynonymous substitutionPopulationPopulation geneticsHIV Envelope Protein gp120BiologyEvolution MolecularGeneticsCluster AnalysisHumansSelection GeneticeducationEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsGeneticsAnalysis of VarianceLikelihood Functionseducation.field_of_studyNatural selectionBase SequenceModels GeneticMechanism (biology)HIVPeptide FragmentsHypervariable regionGenetics PopulationOrgan SpecificityViral evolutionAdaptationDatabases Nucleic AcidGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesSequence AlignmentEvolution
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Nucleic Acid Extraction. Quaderni del Dottorato di Ricerca in Oncobiologia Sperimentale: Tecniche e Procedure di Ricerca.

2008

Nucleic Acid Extraction
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Kinetic and equilibrium studies for the adsorption of acid nucleic bases onto K10 montmorillonite

2011

Abstract The kinetic of the adsorption of two nucleic acid bases, namely adenine (A) and cytosine (C), on K10 montmorillonite (MMT) clay has been investigated over a wide range of nitrogenous bases concentrations, by using the spectrophotometric method. The measurements have been performed at T = 25.0 °C and pH = 4.0 where adenine and cytosine exist both in their protonated and neutral forms. Preliminary to the kinetic data treatment, the adsorption isotherms have been gathered and, then, analyzed by using the Freundlich and the Dubinin–Radushkevich model. The obtained results allow to draw the conclusion that physisorption of adenine and cytosine on MMT occurs and the process is mainly gov…

Nucleic acid baseKineticSettore GEO/06 - MineralogiaChemistryKineticsGeologyProtonationDNAK10 montmorillonitechemistry.chemical_compoundAdsorptionMontmorillonitePhysisorptionGeochemistry and PetrologyComputational chemistryNucleic acidOrganic chemistryFreundlich equationAdsorptionCytosine
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The nucleic acid binding protein PcCNBP is transcriptionally regulated during the immune response in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii

2015

Cellular nucleic acid binding proteins (CNBPs) represent a highly conserved protein family among vertebrates; they harbour seven tandem zinc finger repeats CCHC type and have been described as transcriptional and translational regulators. To date, there is little characterization of CNBP in invertebrates since its structure and function have been analysed solely in Drosophila melanogaster. However, no CNBP has been investigated in other arthropod systems. In an effort to isolate immune-related genes in Procambarus clarkii, a partial mRNA coding a zinc finger containing protein was found to be up-regulated during the response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. The red swamp crayf…

Nucleic acid binding proteins zinc finger containing proteins cloning gene expression crustaceans.Settore BIO/11 - Biologia Molecolare
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Regeneration of total RNA purification silica-based columns

2010

Silica-based columns are largely used in RNA purification, allowing fast extractions and good yields of high quality nucleic acid, but their major limitation is the high cost. The reuse of such columns, although desirable, is not recommended because of residual amounts of material from the previous sample trapped in the column matrix, which might be released during further purification. Thus, recycling does need previous complete removal of any detectable RNA trace, but to date no protocol which allows decontamination and reuse is available.We report a very rapid decontamination procedure, based on treatment with warm alkaline solution containing Triton X-100, which ensures no RNA carry-ove…

OctoxynolClinical BiochemistryTotal rnatotal RNA purificationSettore BIO/11 - Biologia MolecolareReuseAlkaliesBiochemistryAnalytical ChemistrySettore BIO/10 - BiochimicaDrug DiscoveryRecyclingalkaline treatmentMolecular BiologyDecontaminationPharmacologyColumn vectorChromatographyChromatographyChemistryRegeneration (biology)RNAGeneral MedicineHuman decontaminationsilica-based spin-columSilicon DioxideregenerationNucleic acidRNARNA extractionTriton-X 100 treatment
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Frequent chromosomal gains in recurrent juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

2007

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign tumor, mostly affecting adolescent males. Some patients develop recurrences after surgery independently of completeness of removal. Only very limited data concerning underlying chromosomal changes are available. We therefore analyzed samples of 22 JNAs, including six recurrences, with comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Additionally, quantitative image cytometry was used for measurement of DNA aneuploidy in representative samples. Of the 13 primary JNAs without later recurrence, DNA gains were identified on autosomes in only two samples. Four patients with one or two recurrences were included in the study; for one of these, no…

OncologyAdultMaleCancer Researchmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentJuvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromaBiologyBioinformaticsAngiofibromaBenign tumorInternal medicineGeneticsmedicineHumansChildMolecular BiologyGeneChromosome AberrationsAutosomeNucleic Acid HybridizationNasopharyngeal NeoplasmsGenomicsDna amplificationmedicine.diseasePrimary tumorChromosome 4Neoplasm Recurrence LocalComparative genomic hybridizationCancer genetics and cytogenetics
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