Search results for "object"

Porcher visionnaire... - Alerte, Monsieur Thibaut est revenu et il a vendu le Bec Bunsen ! Objectifs spécifiques, activité et besoins des apprenants …

2015

Cet article revient sur quarante années de didactique du français, langue non native, avec la relecture d’un article fameux de Louis Porcher, Monsieur Thibaut et le bec Bunsen, dans lequel il montrait que la question utile n’était pas d’abord celle des objectifs (spécifiques ou pas) mais celle de la méthodologie, « pratiques, méthodes, stratégies » pour apprendre et enseigner. Hélas, cet article a souvent été compris comme un refus des objectifs spécifiques, du FOS, etc., mais à tort : relisons ! Le constat actuel est implacable : Porcher avait vu juste, la réflexion méthodologique est toujours en panne, chacun se focalise sur les domaines, au lieu de se demander comment enseigner à partir …

Optimal sample allocation conditioned on a small area model, estimator, and auxiliary data

2018

We have studied optimal sample allocation, associated with small area estimation, when the objective is to obtain as accurate estimates as possible, for the population and for the subpopulations, called as areas here. It is a question of a two-level optimization problem. The basic premise is composed of planned areas, stratified sampling, and small overall sample size predetermined by restricted time and budget resources. Low sample sizes are common in market surveys. During this thesis, we have developed new allocation methods, based on a small area model, estimator, and auxiliary data. The final method, the three-term Pareto allocation, is based on the three terms of the mean-squared erro…

Everyday Objects

2014

Il presente numero di Aisthesis, che ha come titolo “Everyday Objects / Oggetti quotidiani”, muove da una constatazione di fatto. Oggi la plasmazione del gusto avviene, in misura notevole e forse preminente, attraverso il rapporto con oggetti d’uso che, a differenza delle opere d’arte celebrate da élites culturali in luoghi e tempi circoscritti (ma spesso fruite come oggetti per il consumo turistico di massa), hanno un ruolo pervasivo nelle varie attività della vita quotidiana, da quelle domestiche a quelle lavorative, al tempo libero. Tuttavia a causa della loro prosaicità gli oggetti quotidiani solo raramente sono stati al centro della riflessione filosofica. Così, nell’epoca attuale in c…

Towards Automatic Testing of Reference Point Based Interactive Methods

2016

In order to understand strengths and weaknesses of optimization algorithms, it is important to have access to different types of test problems, well defined performance indicators and analysis tools. Such tools are widely available for testing evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms. To our knowledge, there do not exist tools for analyzing the performance of interactive multiobjective optimization methods based on the reference point approach to communicating preference information. The main barrier to such tools is the involvement of human decision makers into interactive solution processes, which makes the performance of interactive methods dependent on the performance of huma…

An Artificial Decision Maker for Comparing Reference Point Based Interactive Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization Methods

2021

Comparing interactive evolutionary multiobjective optimization methods is controversial. The main difficulties come from features inherent to interactive solution processes involving real decision makers. The human can be replaced by an artificial decision maker (ADM) to evaluate methods quantitatively. We propose a new ADM to compare reference point based interactive evolutionary methods, where reference points are generated in different ways for the different phases of the solution process. In the learning phase, the ADM explores different parts of the objective space to gain insight about the problem and to identify a region of interest, which is studied more closely in the decision phas…

Why Open Educational Resources Repositories fail - Review of Quality Assurance Approaches

2014

Regardless of the amount of open educational resources (OER) available, many learning object repositories LORs fail to attract active users and sustainable funding solutions. Previous studies indicate that quality of OER plays a significant role in the success of the repositories; however, there is a lack of systematic deeper understanding of this connection. In this qualitative study we interviewed 35 managers/developers of 27 national, thematic and federated LORs in regards of the LORs’ quality approaches and success. The key findings of this study show that comprehensive quality approach leads to success of the repository in most cases, the key instruments for quality assurance being exp…

A Conceptual Restructuring of Spatial Motion Expressions in Chinese L2

2018

This paper focuses on the patterns in the encoding of spatial motion events that play a major role in the acquisition of these type of expressions. The goal is to single out the semantic contribution of the linguistic items which surface in Chinese locative constructions. In this way, we intend to provide learners with an account of the spatial representation encoded in the Chinese language. In fact, Chinese grammar is often perceived as idiosyncratic, thus generating a frustration that turns into learned helplessness (Maier and Seligman, 1976). We will analyze Talmy (2000a,b) framework under the light of investigations such as Landau and Jackendoff (1993), Svenonius (2004, 2006, 2007), and…

Estimating Tree Health Decline Caused by Ips typographus L. from UAS RGB Images Using a Deep One-Stage Object Detection Neural Network

2022

Various biotic and abiotic stresses are causing decline in forest health globally. Presently, one of the major biotic stress agents in Europe is the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) which is increasingly causing widespread tree mortality in northern latitudes as a consequence of the warming climate. Remote sensing using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) together with evolving machine learning techniques provide a powerful tool for fast-response monitoring of forest health. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a deep one-stage object detection neural network in the detection of damage by I. typographus in Norway spruce trees using UAS RGB images. A Scaled…

On the conditions for objectivity : how to avoid bias in socially relevant research

2015

Connections Between Single-Level and Bilevel Multiobjective Optimization

2011

The relationship between bilevel optimization and multiobjective optimization has been studied by several authors and there have been repeated attempts to establish a link between the two. We unify the results from the literature and generalize them for bilevel multiobjective optimization. We formulate sufficient conditions for an arbitrary binary relation to guarantee equality between the efficient set produced by the relation and the set of optimal solutions to a bilevel problem. In addition, we present specially structured bilevel multiobjective optimization problems motivated by real-life applications and an accompanying binary relation permitting their reduction to single-level multiob…