Search results for "ocre"

Ocre, hematites y óxido de hierro: el problema terminológico = Ochre, Hematite and Iron Oxid: The Terminological Issue

2016

Los óxidos de hierro son prácticamente omnipresentes al analizar contextos, no solo referentes al arte rupestre, sino también en relación con toda una serie de actividades que podríamos considerar cotidianas en ambientes prehistóricos. Sin embargo, su estudio sistemático no ha comenzado hasta tiempos muy recientes. Fruto de ello, podría decirse que una parte de la literatura arqueológica no especializada en el campo de la pigmentología muestra, en ocasiones, cierta inexactitud terminológica. Con este documento pretendemos, a través de un análisis tanto de su funcionamiento, como de las propiedades geoquímicas y mineralógicas del ocre, la hematites y los propios óxidos de hierro, exponer la …

Trichoderma harzianum Strain T22 Modulates Direct Defense of Tomato Plants in Response to Nezara viridula Feeding Activity

2021

AbstractPlant growth-promoting fungi belonging to genus Trichoderma are known to help plants when dealing with biotic stressors by enhancing plant defenses. While beneficial effects of Trichoderma spp. against plant pathogens have long been documented, fewer studies have investigated their effect on insect pests. Here, we studied the impact of Trichoderma root colonization on the plant defense responses against stink bug feeding attack. For this purpose, a model system consisting of tomato plant, Solanum lycopersicum cv Dwarf San Marzano, Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 and the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula, was used. We firstly determined stink bug performance in terms of rela…

Effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure of the monophagous butterfly Polyommatus coridon along its northern range margin

2004

Population genetic patterns of species at their range margin have important implications for species conservation. We performed allozyme electrophoresis of 19 loci to investigate patterns of the genetic structure of 17 populations (538 individuals) of the butterfly Polyommatus coridon, a monophagous habitat specialist with a patchy distribution. The butterfly and its larval food plant Hippocrepis comosa reach their northern distribution margin in the study region (southern Lower Saxony, Germany). Butterfly population size increased with host plant population size. The genetic differentiation between populations was low but significant (FST = 0.013). No isolation-by-distance was found. Hiera…

Root fungal endophytes: identity, phylogeny and roles in plant tolerance to metal stress.

2021

International audience; Metal trace elements accumulate in soils mainly because of anthropic activities, leading living organisms to develop strategies to handle metal toxicity. Plants often associate with root endophytic fungi, including nonmycorrhizal fungi, and some of these organisms are associated with metal tolerance. The lack of synthetic analyses of plant-endophyte-metal tripartite systems and the scant consideration for taxonomy led to this review aiming (1) to inventory non-mycorrhizal root fungal endophytes described with respect to their taxonomic diversity and (2) to determine the mutualistic roles of these plant-fungus associations under metal stress. More than 1500 species in…

Ocrelizumab Extended Interval Dosing in Multiple Sclerosis in Times of COVID-19.

2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical consequences of extended interval dosing (EID) of ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsIn our retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we compared patients with RRMS on EID (defined as ≥4-week delay of dose interval) with a control group on standard interval dosing (SID) at the same period (January to December 2020).ResultsThree hundred eighteen patients with RRMS were longitudinally evaluated in 5 German centers. One hundred sixteen patients received ocrelizumab on EID (median delay [interquartile range 8.68 [5.09–13.07] weeks). Three months after the last ocrelizumab in…

Targeting B cells in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to optimal clinical management

2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease that is caused by an autoimmune response against central nervous system (CNS) structures. Traditionally considered a T-cell-mediated disorder, the contribution of B cells to the pathogenesis of MS has long been debated. Based on recent promising clinical results from CD20-depleting strategies by three therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in clinical phase II and III trials (rituximab, ocrelizumab and ofatumumab), targeting B cells in MS is currently attracting growing interest among basic researchers and clinicians. Many questions about the role of B and plasma cells in MS remain still unanswered, ranging from the role of…

Another "French paradox": explaining why interest rates to microenterprises dit not increase with the change in French usury legislation

2015

Conventional wisdom indicates that the growth of credit may not materialize if credit rates remain capped by usury laws, as had long been the case in France. France therefore abolished usury ceilings on loans to microenterprise in an effort to increase financing for microentrepreneurs. This should have led to an increase in interest rates and increase in microcredit. However, we do not find any increase in interest rates and this is therefore a paradox. The paper provides a brief literature review and the salient features of the legislative changes in France. It follows this up with a presentation of interest rate movements. The discussion of possible explanations of the paradox includes cl…

2019

Impact of leptospermone, a β-triketone bioherbicide, was investigated on the fungal community which supports important soil ecological functions such as decomposition of organic matter and nutrients recycling. This study was done in a microcosm experiment using two French soils, Perpignan (P) and Saint-Jean-de-Fos (SJF), differing in their physicochemical properties and history treatment with synthetic β-triketones. Soil microcosms were treated with leptospermone at recommended dose and incubated under controlled conditions for 45 days. Untreated microcosms were used as control. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the fungal rRNA revealed significant chang…

Las enfermedades con que nacen los hijos y la posible responsabilidad civil de los padres en el ámbito de la procreación natural

2008

En el presente estudio se analizan los supuestos en que cabría exigir responsabilidad civil a los padres por los daños con que nacen sus hijos. Para ello, debe distinguirse según el daño sea causado directamente por la conducta de los padres durante la gestación, de los supuestos en que la enfermedad sea meramente transmitida o contagiada por los progenitores. Entre estos casos se encuentran el alcoholismo, el tabaquismo, y las toxicomanías.

Control of adenine nucleotide metabolism and glycolysis in vertebrate skeletal muscle during exercise.

1996

The turnover of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in vertebrate skeletal muscle can increase more than a hundredfold during high-intensity exercise, while the content of ATP in muscle may remain virtually unchanged. This requires that the rates of ATP hydrolysis and ATP synthesis are exactly balanced despite large fluctuations in reaction rates. ATP is regenerated initially at the expense of phosphocreatine (PCr) and then mainly through glycolysis from muscle glycogen. The increased ATP turnover in contracting muscle will cause an increase in the contents of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and inorganic phosphate (P(i)), metabolites that are substrates and activators o…