Search results for "oftware"

showing 10 items of 7396 documents

Nonlinear chiral transport in Dirac semimetals

2018

We study the current of chiral charge density in a Dirac semimetal with two Dirac points in momentum space, subjected to an externally applied time dependent electric field and in the presence of a magnetic field. Based on the kinetic equation approach, we find contributions to the chiral charge current, that are proportional to the second power of the electric field and to the first and second powers of the magnetic field, describing the interplay of the chiral anomaly and the drift motion of electrons moving under the action of electric and magnetic fields.

Chiral anomalyPhysicsDirac semimetalsCondensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physicsta114chiral charge densityHigh Energy Physics::LatticeDirac (software)FOS: Physical sciencesCharge densityPosition and momentum space02 engineering and technologyElectron021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesAction (physics)Magnetic fieldQuantum electrodynamicsElectric fieldMesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)0103 physical sciences010306 general physics0210 nano-technologyPhysical Review B
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CHIRAL ANOMALY IN ASHTEKAR'S APPROACH TO CANONICAL GRAVITY

1998

The Dirac equation in Riemann–Cartan spacetimes with torsion is reconsidered. As is well-known, only the axial covector torsion A, a one-form, couples to massive Dirac fields. Using diagrammatic techniques, we show that besides the familiar Riemannian term only the Pontrjagin type four-form dA ∧ dA does arise additionally in the chiral anomaly, but not the Nieh–Yan term d* A, as has been claimed recently. Implications for cosmic strings in Einstein–Cartan theory as well as for Ashtekar's canonical approach to quantum gravity are discussed.

Chiral anomalyPhysicsGravity (chemistry)Dirac (software)Astronomy and AstrophysicsType (model theory)Cosmic stringGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmologysymbols.namesakeClassical mechanicsSpace and Planetary ScienceDirac equationTorsion (algebra)symbolsQuantum gravityMathematical PhysicsMathematical physicsInternational Journal of Modern Physics D
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A computer program suitable for analysis of choice of categories in biomedical data recognition problems.

1980

The optimum choice of categories in problems of medical data recognition is governed by the choice of categories, the selection of appropriate features, and by the choice of a loss function. Under these circumstances it is often difficult to find out the suitable classification scheme. The computer program described here serves for the design of the optimum recognition procedure. The Bayes rule is used as decision rule. A criterion for the comparison of different choice of categories is given. The program can be performed after estimation of the underlying prior probabilities and the conditional densities obtained from a training set, and before testing the decision rule with real data.

Choice setComputer programComputer sciencebusiness.industryComputersDecision theoryMedicine (miscellaneous)Decision ruleFunction (mathematics)Machine learningcomputer.software_genreClassificationBayes' theoremDecision TheoryBiomedical dataResearch DesignData miningArtificial intelligencebusinesscomputerSelection (genetic algorithm)Computer programs in biomedicine
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An Optimized Design of Choice Experiments: A New Approach for Studying Decision Behavior in Choice Task Experiments

2014

In this paper, we present a new approach for the optimal experimental design problem of generating diagnostic choice tasks, where the respondent's decision strategy can be unambiguously deduced from the observed choice. In this new approach, we applied a genetic algorithm that creates a one-to-one correspondence between a set of predefined decision strategies and the alternatives of the choice task; it also manipulates the characteristics of the choice tasks. In addition, this new approach takes into account the measurement errors that can occur when the preferences of the decision makers are being measured. The proposed genetic algorithm is capable of generating diagnostic choice tasks eve…

Choice setOperationalizationSociology and Political Sciencebusiness.industryComputer scienceStrategy and ManagementGeneral Decision SciencesContrast (statistics)Space (commercial competition)Machine learningcomputer.software_genreTask (project management)Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)Similarity (psychology)Genetic algorithmArtificial intelligenceSet (psychology)businesscomputerApplied PsychologyJournal of Behavioral Decision Making
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Implementation of gradients of organic solvent in micellar liquid chromatography using DryLab®: Separation of basic compounds in urine samples

2014

In micellar liquid chromatography (MLC), chromatographic peaks are more evenly distributed compared to conventional reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). This is the reason that most procedures are implemented using isocratic elution. However, gradient elution may be still useful in MLC to analyse mixtures of compounds within a wide range of polarities, decreasing the analysis time. Also, it benefits the determination of moderately to low polar compounds in physiological fluids performing direct injection: an initial micellar eluent with a low organic solvent content, or a pure micellar (without surfactant) solution, will provide better protection of the column against the proteins i…

Chromatography Reverse-PhaseChromatographyChemistryElutionChemical polarityAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsOrganic ChemistryAnalytical chemistryGeneral MedicineBiochemistryAnalytical ChemistrySurface-Active Agentschemistry.chemical_compound1-PropanolColumn chromatographyPulmonary surfactantMicellar liquid chromatographyCritical micelle concentrationSolventsHumansIndicators and ReagentsAnalytical proceduresMicellesSoftwareJournal of Chromatography A
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Determination of alternative and conventional chelating agents as copper(II) complexes by capillary zone electrophoresis—The first use of didecyldime…

2006

Abstract A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for analyzing 11 chelating agents [β-alaninediacetic acid (β-ADA), trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane- N , N , N ′, N ′-tetraacetic acid (CDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), N -(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine- N , N ′, N ′-triacetic acid (HEDTA), N -(2-hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid (HEIDA), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), 1,3-diaminopropane- N , N , N ′, N ′-tetraacetic acid (PDTA) and triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA)] as negatively charged copper(II) complexes has been established. Both conventional and alternative che…

ChromatographyIminodiacetic acidPentetic acidNitrilotriacetic acidElectrophoresis CapillaryEthylenediamineEthylenediaminetetraacetic acidHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBiochemistryOrganophosphatesAnalytical ChemistryQuaternary Ammonium Compoundschemistry.chemical_compoundCapillary electrophoresischemistryReagentEnvironmental ChemistryIndicators and ReagentsChelationCopperSoftwareSpectroscopyChelating AgentsAnalytica Chimica Acta
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In-line capillary electrophoretic evaluation of the enantioselective metabolism of verapamil by cytochrome P3A4

2013

Abstract In this paper a methodology for the in-line evaluation of enantioselective metabolism by capillary electrophoresis has been developed and applied to the study of verapamil metabolism by cytochrome P3A4. The developed methodology comprises an in-capillary reaction step carried out by electrophoretically mediated microanalysis and a separation step in which highly sulfated β-cyclodextrin with partial filling technique has been employed as chiral selector for verapamil and norverapamil enantiomers resolution, joining the advantages of both methodologies in a unique assay. Kinetic parameters of the enzymatic reaction (Km and Vmax) have been evaluated for both verapamil enantiomers by n…

ChromatographyMolecular StructureCytochromebiologyReaction stepChemistryOrganic ChemistryEnantioselective synthesisElectrophoresis CapillaryStereoisomerismNorverapamilGeneral MedicineBiochemistryAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundElectrophoresisCapillary electrophoresisVerapamilmedicinebiology.proteinVerapamilEnantiomerSoftwaremedicine.drugJournal of Chromatography A
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Program for the interpretive optimization of two-dimensional resolution.

2016

The challenge of fully optimizing LC × LC separations is horrendous. Yet, it is essential to address this challenge if sophisticated LC × LC instruments are to be utilized to their full potential in an efficient manner. Currently, lengthy method development is a major obstacle to the proliferation of the technique, especially in industry. A program was developed for the rigorous optimization of LC × LC separations, using gradient-elution in both dimensions. The program establishes two linear retention models (one for each dimension) based on just two LC × LC experiments. It predicts LC × LC chromatograms using a simple van-Deemter model to generalize band-broadening. Various objectives (ana…

ChromatographyTime FactorsResolution (mass spectrometry)Chemistry010401 analytical chemistryOrganic ChemistryIon pair chromatographyColoring agents02 engineering and technologyGeneral Medicine021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyChromatography Ion Exchange01 natural sciencesBiochemistryMethod development0104 chemical sciencesAnalytical ChemistryDimension (vector space)Orthogonality0210 nano-technologyColoring AgentsSoftwareJournal of chromatography. A
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Screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by CE after enzymatic reaction at capillary inlet.

2009

In this study the development of a procedure based on capillary electrophoresis after enzymatic reaction at capillary inlet methodology for the screening and in vitro evaluation of the biological activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors is presented. The progress of the enzymatic reaction of the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine at pH 8 in the presence of AChE and the inhibitor studied is determined by measuring at 230 nm the peak area of the reaction product thiocholine (TCh). In the method employed the capillary was first filled with 30 mM borate-phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) and subsequently, plugs of: (i) water, (ii) AChE solution, (iii) substrate solution with or without inhibitor,…

ChromatographyTime FactorsbiologyHydrolysisSubstrate (chemistry)Electrophoresis CapillaryFiltration and SeparationEdrophoniumAcetylcholinesteraseAnalytical ChemistryEnzyme Activationchemistry.chemical_compoundKineticsThiocholineCapillary electrophoresisNon-competitive inhibitionchemistryEnzyme inhibitorAcetylthiocholinemedicinebiology.proteinAcetylcholinesteraseCholinesterase InhibitorsSoftwaremedicine.drugJournal of separation science
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Towards Next Generation System Architecture for Emergency Services

2011

European Union has decided that all emergencies can be reported to authorities by European citizens by calling 112 or sending a text message to 112. Distributing warnings and alerts of authorities to citizens currently happens through national TV and radio channels, but telecom networks are also used now in some countries for this purpose. During the last ten years there have been attempts to develop new system architectures for various emergency service provision phases. Some of them are already deployed in special cases, like in ambulance services. Multimedia emergency alert messages can be delivered to citizens over fixed and mobile telecom networks and commercial systems are already in …

Civil Emergency MessageWireless networkComputer scienceService delivery frameworkbusiness.industryUsabilityComputer securitycomputer.software_genreService provisioningSystems architecturemedia_common.cataloged_instanceSocial mediaEuropean unionbusinesscomputermedia_common
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